ON THE BIOLOGY OF GREEN APPLE APHID (APHIS POMI) AND THE APPLE LEAF MIDGE (DASINEURA MALI) – THE MAIN PHYLLOPHAGOUS APPLE TREES ON DRIP IRRIGATION IN THE EASTERN FOREST-STEPPE OF UKRAINE
Keywords:
green apple aphid, the apple leaf midge, phenology, Jonagold Decosta, Idared, Golden Resistant, entomophagous
Abstract
The article presents the results of research on the biology of the main leaf pests: the green apple aphid – Aphis pomi (De Geer, 1773) and the apple leaf midge (Dasineura mali Kieffer, 1904). Stationary experiments were carried out in apple orchards on drip irrigation on the varieties Jonagold Decosta, Idared and Golden Resistant. Conventional research methods were used. The phenology of A. pomi and D. mali has been clarified. The emergence of larvae of green apple aphids from eggs took place in the phase of «green cone» and «bud burst» depending on the variety of apples (II–III decades of April), the mass appearance of larvae – in the phase of «mouse ear». The founding females appeared in the «apple blossom» phase (І decade of May), the resettlement females in the «end of flowering» phase – «complete shedding of petals» depending on the variety, egg-laying individuals – in the І and ІІІ decades of September. The highest number of aphids was on the Golden Resistant variety (0.73–1.30 points), less – on Jonagold Decosta (0.63–1.25 points) and Idared (0.48–0.85 points). Cold spring and excessive rainfall suppressed the development of Aphis pomi, and warm weather with relative humidity of more than 60.0 % contributed to the increase of individuals in the population. The species composition of aphid entomophages was determined: Harmonia axyridis, Coccinella septempunctata, Propylea quatuordecimpunctata, Eupeodes corollae, Episyrphus balteatus, Sphaerophoria scripta, Sph. rueppellii. It was found that the exit of the apple leaf midge imago from wintering grounds took place in the ІІ decade of April and in the І decade of May (phases «green cone» – «bud burst» depending on the variety) and it depended on weather conditions. The mass appearance of larvae of the first generation was observed in the «flowering» phase, the largest population reached in the ІІІ decade of June – ІІ decade of July. Three (2021) and four (2018–2020) phytophagous generations per year developed. During the settlement, the midge preferred the Golden Resistant variety. For the first time in the study area, entomophagous of D. mali larvae: Orius niger and predatory thrips (Thysanoptera sp.) were detected, which underwent a full cycle of development in gallies. The parasite Platygaster demades also limited the number of phytophages. The largest number of entomophagous reached during the development of the third generation of the midge.
References
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3. Andreev, R., Rasheva, D.&Kutinkova, H. (2007). Aphids in apple orchards in Central-South Bulgaria. Journal of plant protection research. 47(1), 87–90.
4. Antonjuk, S. Ja., Arejnikov, B. A., Bajdashnikov, A. A., Vasil’ev, V. P., Vojtenko, A. N., Gorkavenko, A. S., Dmitriev, G. V., Dolin, V. G., Djadechko, N. P., Zagajkevich, I. K. & Kolesova, D. A. i dr. (1988). Vrediteli sel’skohozjajstvennyh kul’tur i lesnyh nasazhdenij v 3 t. T. 2: Vrednye chlenistonogie, pozvonochnye [Pests of agricultural crops and forest plantations in 3 volumes. Vol. 2: Harmful arthropods, vertebrates]. Urozhaj. Kiev. 482–490 (in Russian).
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10. Cross, J. V., Solomon, M. G., Brabandreier, D., Blommers, L., Easterbrook, M. A., Jay, C. N., Jenser, G., Jolly, R. L., Kuhlmann, U., Lilley, R., Olivella, E., Toepfer, S. & Vidal, S. (1999). Biocontrol of pests of apples and pears in northern and central Europe: 2. Parasitoids. Biocontrol Science and Technology. 9(3), 277–314.
11. Dolia, M. M., Pokozii, Y. T., Mamchur, R. M., Dolia, L. I., Melnyk, B. V., Dmytriieva, O. Ye., Khomenko, I. I., Bondareva, L. M., Humeniuk, L. V. (2004). Fitosanitarnyi monitorynh [Phytosanitary monitoring]. Kyiv : NNTsIAE, 294 (in Ukrainian).
12. Dospehov, B. A. (1985). Metodika polevogo opyta [Methodology of the field experiment]. Agropromizdat. Moskva. 351 (in Russian).
13. Fedorenko, V. P. & Broun, I. V. (2012). Entomofahy zelenoi yablunevoi popelytsi [Entomophages of green apple aphid]. Karantyn i zakhyst roslyn. 2, 20–22 (in Ukrainian).
14. Foottit, R. G., Lowery, D. T., Maw, H. E. L., Smirle, M. J. & Lushai, G. (2009). Identification, distribution, and molecular characterization of the apple aphids Aphis pomi and Aphis spiraecola (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Aphidinae). Can. Entomol. 141. 478–495.
15. Galanihe, L. D., Harris, M. O. (1997). Plant volatiles mediate host-finding behavior of the apple leafcurling midge. J. Chem. Ecol. 23. 2639–2655.
16. Haley, S., Hogue, E. (1990). Ground cover influence on apple aphid, Aphis pomi De Geer (Homoptera: Aphididae), and its predators in a young apple orchard. Crop Protection. 9, 225–230.
17. He, X. Z. & Wang, Q. (2011). Phenological dynamics of Dasineura mali (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) and its parasitoid Platygaster demades (Hymenoptera: Platygasteridae) in apple orchards. Journal of Economic Entomology. 104. 1640–1646.
18. Hrychaniuk, V. P. (2015). Zakhyst sadzhantsiv vid yablunevoi lystkovoi halytsi [Protection of seedlings from apple leaf halibut]. Karantyn i zakhyst roslyn. 4, 7–10 (in Ukrainian).
19. Hrychaniuk, V. P. (2017). Halytsi (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) – shkidnyky v rozsadnykakh yabluni i hrushi ta rehuliuvannia yikh chyselnosti v Pravoberezhnomu Lisostepu Ukrainy [The Midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) – pests in apple and pear nurseries and regulation of their numbers in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine]: dys. … kand. s.-h. nauk: 16.00.10. Umanskyi natsionalnyi universytet sadivnytstva. Uman, 208 (in Ukrainian).
20. Kaakeh, W., Pfeiffer, D. G. & Marini, R. P. (1993). Effect of Aphis spiraecola and A. pomi (Homoptera: Aphididae) on the growth of young apple trees. Crop Protection. 12, 141–147.
21. Koltun, N. E. (1991). Biojekologicheskoe obosnovanie meroprijatij po zashhite pitomnikov jabloni ot zelenoj jablonnoj tli (Aphis pomi Deg.) v Belorusi [Bioecological substantiation of measures to protect apple tree nurseries from green apple aphid (Aphis pomi Deg.) in Belarus]: avtoreferat dis. … kand. biol. nauk: 06.01.11. Belorusskij nauchno-issledovatel’skij institut zashhity rastenij. Priluki, 21 (in Russian).
22. Korchagin, V. N. (1971). Vrediteli i bolezni plodovyh i jagodnyh kul’tur [Pests and diseases of fruit and berry crops]. Kolos. Moskva. 160 (in Russian).
23. Krikunova, N. I., Supranovich, R. V. & Jarchakovskaja, S. I. (2007). Vrediteli i bolezni plodovo-jagodnyh, ovoshhnyh kul’tur i kartofelja [Pests and diseases of fruit and berry, vegetable crops and potatoes]. Minsk: Belorusskaja Nauka, 169 (in Russian).
24. Kulieva, H. & Ibragimov, Dzh. Je. (2013). Osnovnye sosushhie vrediteli plodovyh kul’tur Gjandzha-Kazahskoj zony Azerbajdzhana [The main sucking pests of fruit crops in the Ganja-Kazakh zone of Azerbaijan]. Təbiət elmləri seriyası. Baki Universitetinin Xəbərləri. 1, 27–34 (in Russian).
25. Laghfiri, M., Madani, I., Boutaleb, A. J., Blenzar, A., Jordan, M. O., Sauge, M. H., Lauri, P. E. & Smaili, C. (2018). The impact of water and nitrogen depletion on Aphis pomi infestation in the Apple orchard and its relation with the useful fauna and ants. Journal of Materials and Environmental Sciences. 9(1), 145–154.
26. Lapa, O. M. & Termeno, V. K. (2014). Dovidnyk zakhystu roslyn na dachnykh i prysadybnykh diliankakh [Handbook of plant protection in country and homestead plots]. TOV Olbi, 130 (in Ukrainian).
27. Lo, P. L., Walker, J. T. S. & Suckling, D. M. (2015). Prospects for control of apple leaf midge Dasineura mali (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) by mass trapping with pheromone lures. Pest Management Science. 71, 907–913.
28. Madahi, K. & Sahragard, A. (2012). Comparative life table of Aphis pomi (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on two host plants Malus pumila L. and Chaenomeles japonica under laboratory conditions. J. Crop Prot. 1(4), 321–330.
29. Matviievskyi, O. S., Kalenych, F. S., Loshchytskyi, V. P. & Tkachov, V. P. (1990). Dovidnyk po zakhystu sadiv vid shkidnykiv i khvorob [A guide to protecting gardens from pests and diseases]. Harvest: Kyiv, 215 (in Ukrainian).
30. Milenković, S. (2002) Jabukina zelena vaš aphis pomi de geer. – štetnost i suzbijanje. Zbornik naučnih radova Instituta PKB Agroekonomik. 8(2). 61–66.
31. Milenković, S., Marčić, D., Ružičić, L. (2013). Control of green apple aphid (Aphis pomi De Geer) in organic apple production. Pestic. Phytomed. (Belgrade). 28(4), 281–285.
32. Omeliuta, V. P., red. (1986). Oblik shkidnykiv i khvorob silskohospodarskykh kultur [Accounting for pests and diseases of crops]. Kyiv: Urozhai, 296 (in Ukrainian).
33. Rakauskas, R., Rupais, A. (1983). Biology of the green apple aphid in Lithuania. Act. Entomol. Litu. 2(1). 20–30.
34. Shaw, P. W., Wallis, D. R., Alspach, P. A., Sandanayaka, W. R. M. (2005). Phenology of apple leafcurling midge (Dasineura mali) in relation to parasitism by Platygaster demades. New Zealand Plant Protection. 58. 306–310.
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Published
2022-07-21
How to Cite
Vasyliev, S. V. (2022). ON THE BIOLOGY OF GREEN APPLE APHID (APHIS POMI) AND THE APPLE LEAF MIDGE (DASINEURA MALI) – THE MAIN PHYLLOPHAGOUS APPLE TREES ON DRIP IRRIGATION IN THE EASTERN FOREST-STEPPE OF UKRAINE. Bulletin of Sumy National Agrarian University. The Series: Agronomy and Biology, 47(1), 24-32. https://doi.org/10.32845/agrobio.2022.1.4
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