STRESS RESISTANCE OF QUINOA AND THE ROLE OF ENDOPHITE SYMBIONTS IN ITS FORMATION
Keywords:
quinoa, abiotic stress, stressogenic factors, endosymbionts, mycorrhizal fungi, bacterias, mutualism, synergism, stress-adapted and drought-tolerant crop, crop productivity.
Abstract
The main reason for the crop loss (up to 50 %) in the whole world in agrarian production is abiotic stress. The quinoa crop (Chenopodium quinoa Willd. (Amaranthaceae) is unique not only for its nutritional value, but also for its high tolerance to the action of many stressogenic factors due to wide genotypic variability. It has been proven that endosymbionts - microscopic fungi and bacterias – can change the reaction of plants to all kinds of adverse environmental changes. Plants can form associative relationships with mycorrhizal fungi, rhizospheric, epiphytic and endophytic bacterias based on the type of mutualism or synergism. Colonization by microbial symbionts potentially mitigates the adverse effects of abiotic stresses in quinoa plants. There are various hypotheses to describe the plant–endophyte interaction in the sense of increased resistance to abiotic stress. It has been shown that stress-adapted endophytic fungi, as symbionts of plants, are able to mitigate the negative effects of salinity or drought by changing a number of physiological and biochemical reactions of plants. Quinoa is considered a drought-tolerant crop capable of growing and producing seeds in semi-arid and arid regions. Evolutionarily, plants have formed various mechanisms and reactions to tolerate water shortage: morphological, physiological and molecular. But in addition to morpho-physiological adaptations that ensure plant tolerance, associative relationships with endophytic fungi deserve special attention. It is the group of mycorrhizal fungi as mutualistic partners of plants that is able to reduce the stressogenic effects of drought and salinity. Quinoa is adapted to a wide range of marginal agricultural soils that are susceptible to the effects of such negative abiotic factors. The role of mycorrhizal endophytes in mitigating these stressogenic effects on plants has been proven. In addition to fungi, the positive role of halotolerant rhizobacteria associated with the quinoa root system in alleviating salinity stress was also revealed. Plant-associated microorganisms can be used to improve plant performance and yield under stressful conditions. The diversity of bacterial species and strains associated with quinoa is an attractive prospect for the development of biotechnological drugs to enhance plant resistance to stresses and increase crop productivity. Peculiarities of edaphic microorganisms capable of maintaining symbiotic relationships with different quinoa ecotypes, despite the importance of these associations and their relevance, remain little studied until now.
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Published
2023-01-20
How to Cite
Trotsenko, N., & Melnyk, A. (2023). STRESS RESISTANCE OF QUINOA AND THE ROLE OF ENDOPHITE SYMBIONTS IN ITS FORMATION. Bulletin of Sumy National Agrarian University. The Series: Agronomy and Biology, 49(3), 66-75. https://doi.org/10.32845/agrobio.2022.3.9
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