PROTECTIVE FOREST BELTS OF UKRAINE: REVIEW AND ANALYSIS ASSESSMENT AND ACTION PLAN
Abstract
Modern science considers forest strips as cultural-phytocoenoses-intersegetal or natural-anthropogenic ecotones with a unique species composition and structure and complex interrelationships of biota. They make changes to the ecological and biological balance of the territory by forming a special microclimate, absorbing part of the surface runoff, which ultimately affects the productivity, quality, and formation of the diversity of the spontaneous phytobiota of agrophytocenoses. By performing biotope functions, field protective forest strips create a habitat for natural representatives of flora and fauna and contribute to the preservation of biotic diversity and serve the development of evolutionary processes. changed landscapes. For the different soil and climatic conditions of Ukraine, over a period of almost a hundred years, the principles of the combination of tree and shrub species were formulated, the optimal constructions of forest strips, width parameters, species composition and placement of planting groups, location in the fields, agrotechnical and forestry measures for their care were determined, which in a complex with the minimum width of plantations would provide the maximum ecological and economic effect. The existing situation with forest belts and awareness of the negative irreversible changes that have occurred over the past thirty years have intensified the increase in scientific research aimed at restoring the former role and status of forest belts in Ukraine in environmental protection. creation of new protective forest plantations in Ukraine (Institute of Agroecology and Nature Management of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine), the issue of introducing the concept of assessing the economic value of ecosystems in Ukraine was worked out the results of their functioning as ecosystem goods and services (Institute of Evolutionary Ecology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine), the general provisions for acquiring ownership of forest strips in united territorial communities (Odesa Law Academy National University) were determined. Many other research tasks were also performed. Among them are studies of the syntaxonomy of field-protective forest strips (Middle Dnieper, Northern Black Sea Region) initiated (Institute of Agroecology and Nature Management of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kaniv Nature Reserve of the Ministry of Education and Culture of Ukraine). Since 2021, these studies have been continued in the left-bank Forest Steppe and in other regions of Ukraine (Institute of Botany named after M.H. Kholodny of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine). Despite the work done and the growing interest in forest strips, due to the latest environmental challenges related, first of all, to changes in agricultural production, research on the biodiversity of forest strips is still fragmented. An integral analysis and assessment of their current state remains missing. Still not enough attention is paid to forest strips along railways and transport routes, which, in addition to the main protective aerodynamic function, play important agromelioration, nature protection, ecological and many other functions. The purpose of the work is to supplement the assessment of the current state of forest belts of Ukraine and to argue the need for priority measures to restore their functioning as forest improvement objects in connection with the latest circumstances that have developed.
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