Soil water regime in the fields of corn fields under different tillage practices
Keywords:
corn hybrids, Zea maize L., precipitation, soil moisture, soil tillage, total water consumption, yield.
Abstract
The results of ecological tests of corn hybrids of Ukrainian selection under different methods of main tillage (moldboard ploughing to a depth of 25‒27 cm, minimal tillage (disc and sweep), to a depth of 14‒16 cm, no-till) are presented. The research was conducted in the experimental field of the Department of Arable farming of the Institute of Agriculture of the North-East of Ukraine on chernozem typical silt loam on loess (content of humus by Tyurin 4,1‒4,7 % рНKCl 6,0, рНH2O 7,9). 2018‒2020 years of research were significantly warmer than the average long-term indexes during May-September. It was found that the weather conditions of the growing season of corn on average for 2018‒2019 were characterized as very arid (hydrothermal coefficient HTC = 0.57) with ranging from very arid in 2018 and 2019 (HTC = 0.45‒0.46) to arid in 2020 (HTC = 0.80). It was determined that the value of total water consumption did not depend on the methods of tillage and, under other equal factors, determined by the total precipitation and ranged from 245.4–252.2 mm with precipitation of 110.4 mm to 319.1–321, 4 mm at 230 mm.
It is established that the influence of precipitation in the structure of total water consumption depends on their amounts and if it were about 44.2‒45.0 % at precipitation of 110.4 mm, with 230.0 mm would be 71.6–73.1 %. On that account, a portion of the total water consumption from 0‒50 cm soil layer did not depend on precipitation and in the average was 0.77–0.79.
In 2018‒2020, corn hybrids of Ukrainian selection with N100P45K45-ferilizers formed quite high yields (9.40–7.78 t/ha) with a significant dependence on FAO. The yield of hybrid Donor (FAO 310) did not depend on tillage, while hybrids Zoryany (FAO 190) and Leleka (FAO 260) gave the highest yields on ploughing plots without significant responce to other methods of basic tillage. The Donor hybrid formed a statistically equal yield on all variants in all years of research.
References
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8. Shtukin, N. A., & Onychko, V. I. (2015). Characteristics of the optimal formation of corn hybrid under conditions of north-east Forest-steppe of Ukraine Bulletin of Sumy National Agrarian University. The series «Agronomy and Biology», 3(29), 35‒41 (in Ukrainian).
9. Mokriyenko, V., Hudzovata, O., Taran, V., Pryndyuk, Y. A., & Povlin, I. (2017). Osoblyvosti formuvannya produktyv-nosti kukurudzy v umovakh dostatnoho zvolozhennya [Peculiarities of corn productivity formation in conditions of sufficient moisture]. LIMES : nauk. visn. Zakarpat. uhor. in-tu im. Uzhhorod : Vyd-vo «RIK-U» =Ungvár: «RIK-U» Kiad, IV, 53‒57 (in Ukrainian).
10. Byelov, Ya. V. (2018). Napryamy optymizatsiyi tekhnolohiy vyroshchuvannya nasinnya kukurudzy za umov zmin klimatu. [Directions of optimization of technologies of cultivation of corn seeds in the conditions of climate change]. Visnyk ahrarnoyi nauky Prychornomorya, 4. doi: 10.31521/2313-092X/2018-4(100) (in Ukrainian).
11. Kharchenko, O. V., Prasol, V. I., Kabanets, V. M., & Sobko, M. G. Ahroekonomichni ta ekolohichni aspekty vstanovlennya optymalnoho rivnya vrozhaynosti novykh sortiv silskohospodarskykh kultur [Agro-economic and ecologic aspects of optimal yield level for new sorts of cultures (in the conditions of the Forest-Steppe]. Sumy: FOP Shcherbyna, 2017, 151.
12. Masyk, I. M., Petrusenko, I. Yu., Vasyuk, I. O., Ivanko, V. V., & Babenko, O. H. (2020). Obrobitok hruntu pry vyroshchuvanni kukurudzy na zerno v umovakh livoberezhnoho lisostepu Ukrayiny [Tillage in the cultivation of corn for grain in the left-bank forest-steppe of Ukraine]. Monaco, Principauté de Monaco. doi: 10.36074/03.04.2020.v1.21 (in Ukrainian).
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Published
2020-11-30
How to Cite
Petrenko, S. (2020). Soil water regime in the fields of corn fields under different tillage practices. Bulletin of Sumy National Agrarian University. The Series: Agronomy and Biology, 41(3), 23-32. https://doi.org/10.32782/agrobio.2020.3.3
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