INFLUENCE OF AGROECOLOGICAL FACTORS ON THE PHYTOSANITARY CONDITION OF GRAPE AGROCENOSES IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE NORTH-EASTERN FOREST STEPPE OF UKRAINE
Abstract
In 2019–2021 in the grape agrocenosis of the training laboratory of horticulture and viticulture of Sumy National Agrarian University a study was conducted to study the impact of agri-environmental factors on the level of development of the main mycoses of grapes. Data on the degree of resistance of grape plants of different grape varieties to the main phytopathogens (mildew, powdery mildew) in typical soil and climatic conditions of the north-eastern forest-steppe of Ukraine are given. The collection of domestic and foreign selection, which includes about 30 varieties and forms of grapes, has been studied. It was found that the meteorological conditions of 2021 contributed to the epiphytotic development of mildew and oidium. There were fluctuations in the level of disease resistance depending on weather conditions during the study period 2019–2021. Selected varieties and forms of grapes with high resistance to pathogens of mildew (P. viticola) and powdery mildew (U. necator (Schw.): Baikonur, Yupiter, kyshmysh 342/vienherskyi, Orihinal, Lidiia (maximum leaf damage – 2.5–3, 0 points, berries – 2.0–3.0 points, average – 2.3–2.8 points). A high level of resistance of the Yupiter variety (average lesion score 2.3) to the causative agent of powdery mildew compared to the control (Lidiia variety – 2.5 points) was noted. It is proved that most of the studied varieties showed average resistance to fungal diseases of grapes (mildew and powdery mildew) at the level of 3.0–3.5 points (Podarok Niesvietaia, Pamiati uchytelia, Rombik, Stolietiie, Smarahd, Viktor, Blahoviest, Nizina, Bohatianovskyi, Lanselot, Bliek hrand, Liviia, Odeskyi suvenir, Vaniusha, Lorano, Flora, kyshmysh Zaporozhskyi). The most susceptible to the action of pathogens of major fungal pathogens were forms of grapes Iziuminka (4.1 points against mildew, 4.0 points against oidium.), Krasnoie plamia (4.6 points against mildew, 4.3 points against oidium). Among the studied varieties and hybrid forms immune to oidium and mildew were not detected. The study found that the biological characteristics of grape varieties (Baikonur, Yupiter, kyshmysh 342/vienherskyi, Orihinal, Lidiia, Podarok Niesvietaia, Pamiati uchytelia, Rombik, Stolietiie, Smarahd, Viktor, Blahoviest, Nizina, Bohatianovskyi, Lanselot, Bliek hrand, Liviia, Odeskyi suvenir, Vaniusha, Lorano, Flora, kyshmysh Zaporozhskyi) meet the growing conditions and can be recommended for introduction into production in the agro-climatic zone of the north-eastern forest-steppe of Ukraine. Growing varieties with high adaptive potential will allow to obtain environmentally friendly products of high quality.
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