STRUCTURE OF MEADOW PLANT POPULATIONS IN FLOOD MEADOWS OF THE FOREST-STEP ZONE UNDER GRAZING AND MOWING CONDITIONS
Abstract
The article presents the results of studies of changes in the ontogenetic and vitality structure of the cereal population: Dactylis glomerata L., Festuca pratensis Huds., Phleum pratense L., Deschampsia cespitosa (L.) P. Beauv., Alopecurus pratensis L., Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski., Bromopsis inermis (Leyss.) Holub. and legums: Trifolium pratense L., Trifolium repens L., Medicago falcata L., Medicago lupulina L., Lotus corniculatus L., Vicia cracca L, as well as the dynamics of aboveground phytomass, which occur under the influence of grazing and mowing of different intensities under the conditions of the floodplains of the Psel and Sula rivers (Sumy region). Ontogenetic analysis showed that cereals maintain complete or incomplete populations of the normal type in 70% of cases and become invasive and regressive only at the last stages of the gradients. Legumes turned out to be less resistant, the normal type of populations was registered only in 50% of cases. The generativity of cereal populations is distinguished by resistance to grazing and decreases to 23–53% only at the last stages, and mowing does not significantly change this indicator in general. According to the value of the age index, the studied populations were divided into three groups: the first – without significant changes (A. pratensis, E. repens), the second – population rejuvenation (D. glomerata, F. pratensis, D. cespitosa, M. falcata), the third – aging of populations (all other studied species). The reaction of species to mowing was also individualized, so A. pratensis and V. cracca sharply increased in the age of their populations. According to the pasture and mowing gradients in all (with the exception of D. cespitosa) of the studied plant species, a logical, statistically significant decrease in the vital quality of populations (Q) was recorded. In order of decreasing resistance to grazing, the studied cereals made up a number: F. pratensis ® P. pretense → B. inermis → A. pratensis → E. repens → D. glomerata. The reaction of legumes was similar. The most persistent were T. repens and M. Lupulina, low-resistant – T. pratense, M. falcata and L. corniculatus, very vulnerable – V. cracca. Legumes, as well as cereals, better tolerated mowing. The analysis of dynamics of the accumulation of above-ground phytomass showed that E. repens and V. cracca, D. glomerata, P. pratense, T. pratense and L. corniculatus (7–15%) fell out from grass stand in the last stages of the pasture gradient. The stock of phytomass in D. cespitosa, T. repens and M. lupulina increases by 3–9 times. Cereals retained 390,0 g/m2 and legumes retained 48,5 g/m2 of phytomass under the conditions of unsystematic haymaking. A general analysis of the ontogenetic and vital structure and dynamics of the above-ground phytomass of the populations demonstrates that the greatest changes in the populations of cereals and legumes occur at the last stages of the pasture gradient, when the number of grazing animals exceeds 7–10 head of cattle per 1 ha and also under the conditions of unsystematic haymaking.
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