СТРЕСОСТІЙКІСТЬ КІНОА ТА РОЛЬ ЕНДОФІТНИХ СИМБІОНТІВ У ЇЇ ФОРМУВАННІ
Ключові слова:
кіноа, абіотичний стрес, стресогенні фактори, ендосимбіонти, мікоризні гриби, бактерії, мутуалізм, синергізм, стрес-адаптована та посухостійка культура, продуктивність посівів.
Анотація
В аграрному виробництві абіотичні стреси є основною причиною втрати врожаю (до 50%) у всьому світі. Культура кіноа (Chenopodium quinoa Willd. (Amaranthaceae) унікальна не тільки своєю харчовою цінністю, але й високою толерантністю до дії багатьох стресогенних факторів завдяки широкій генотиповій мінливості. Доведено, що реакцію рослин на всі види несприятливих змін довкілля здатні змінювати ендосимбіонти – мікроскопічні гриби та бактерії. У рослин можуть формуватися асоціативні відносини з мікоризними грибами, ризосферними, епіфітними та ендофітними бактеріями за типом мутуалізму чи синергізму. Колонізація мікробними симбіонтами потенційно послаблює несприятливі ефекти абіотичних стресів у рослин кіноа. Існують різноманітні гіпотези для опису взаємодії рослина–ендофіт у сенсі підвищення стійкості до абіотичного стресу. Показано, що адаптовані до стресу ендофітні гриби, як симбіонти рослин, здатні пом’якшувати негативні наслідки засолення або посухи шляхом зміни низки фізіологічних і біохімічних реакцій рослин. Кіноа вважається посухостійкою культурою, здатною рости та давати насіння у напіваридних та аридних регіонах. Еволюційно рослини сформували різні механізми та реакції для перенесення нестачі води: морфологічні, фізіологічні та молекулярні. Але крім морфофізіологічних адаптацій, що забезпечують толерантність рослин, на особливу увагу заслуговують асоціативні зв’язки з ендофітними грибами. Саме група грибів-мікоризутворювачів як мутуалістичних партнерів рослин здатна послаблювати стресогенний вплив посухи та засолення. Кіноа пристосована до широкого діапазону маргінальних сільськогосподарських ґрунтів, схильних до впливу саме наявністю таких негативних абіотичних факторів. Доведена роль мікоризних ендофітів у послабленні дії цих стресогенних впливів на рослини. Крім грибів виявлена також позитивна роль галотолерантних ризобактерій, асоційованих із кореневою системою кіноа, у послабленні стресу через засолення. Мікроорганізми, пов’язані з рослинами, можна використовувати для підвищення продуктивності рослин та їх врожайності у стресогенних умовах. Розмаїття видів і штамів бактерій, пов’язаних із кіноа, є привабливою перспективою для розробки біотехнологічних препаратів для посилення стійкості рослин до стресів та підвищення продуктивності культури. Особливості едафічних мікроорганізмів, здатних підтримувати симбіотичні стосунки з різними екотипами кіноа, незважаючи на важливість цих асоціацій та їхню актуальність, залишаються дотепер ще мало вивченими.
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Опубліковано
2023-01-20
Як цитувати
Троценко, Н. В., & Мельник, А. В. (2023). СТРЕСОСТІЙКІСТЬ КІНОА ТА РОЛЬ ЕНДОФІТНИХ СИМБІОНТІВ У ЇЇ ФОРМУВАННІ. Вісник Сумського національного аграрного університету. Серія: Агрономія і біологія, 49(3), 66-75. https://doi.org/10.32845/agrobio.2022.3.9
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