УДК 636.22/28.081.14 PHENOTYPICAL CONSOLIDATION OF FIRSTBORN COWS OF UKRAINIAN RED-AND-WHINE DAIRY BREED OF DIFFERENT GENEALOGICAL FORMATIONS BY CONFORMATION TYPE

The phenotypic consolidation of firstborn cows Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breed of different lines by conformation type was studied. Cows were evaluated according to the method of linear classification in the herd of breeding farm PAE "Piskivs'ke" Bakhmatsky district of Chernihiv region. The degree of phenotypic consolidation of lines was determined by formulas of Yu. P. Polupan (2005). Regardless of the line representation, the highest degree of phenotypic consolidation was found in the set of traits that characterize udder with coefficients ranging from K = 0.200 (Inganse line) to K = 0.393 (Kevelie line). According to the complex of conformation traits that characterize expression of dairy type in cows, the best were consolidated daughter descendants of Inganse (K = 0.309) and Kevelie lines (K = 0.335). Offsprings of two pedigree lines Siteishn (K = 0.015) and R. Sovering (K = 0.049) have a low degree of phenotypic consolidation by set of dairy-type body parts. A similar situation in determining the degree of phenotypic consolidation was observed for a group of body parts characterizing body development. The best consolidated were animals Inganse (K = 0.267) and Kevelie (K = 0.395), and the worst - Siteshn (K = 0.048) and Valiant (K = 0.042) lines. According to the assessment of descriptive traits within studied lines, following body parts were distinguished by positive values of phenotypic consolidation coefficients : rump height (K = 0.127-273), body depth (K = 0.092-0.328), rear width (K = 0.033-0.363), front udder part attachment (K = 0.041-0.227), dairy type (K = 0.143-0.385), and negative - hooves condition (K = -0.264… -0.046). Analyzing the results of research, it can be argued that practical application of phenotypic consolidation coefficients as objective evaluation criteria will allow in the future to control consolidation of genealogical formations and other breeding groups of animals both by conformation type and another selection traits.

The phenotypic consolidation of firstborn cows Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breed of different lines by conformation type was studied. Cows were evaluated according to the method of linear classification in the herd of breeding farm PAE "Piskivs'ke" Bakhmatsky district of Chernihiv region. The degree of phenotypic consolidation of lines was determined by formulas of Yu. P. Polupan (2005). Regardless of the line representation, the highest degree of phenotypic consolidation was found in the set of traits that characterize udder with coefficients ranging from K = 0.200 (Inganse line) to K = 0.393 (Kevelie line). According to the complex of conformation traits that characterize expression of dairy type in cows, the best were consolidated daughter descendants of Inganse (K = 0.309) and Kevelie lines (K = 0.335). Offsprings of two pedigree lines Siteishn (K = 0.015) and R. Sovering (K = 0.049) have a low degree of phenotypic consolidation by set of dairy-type body parts. A similar situation in determining the degree of phenotypic consolidation was observed for a group of body parts characterizing body development. The best consolidated were animals Inganse Key words: Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breed, line, firstborn cow, phenotypic consolidation, linear assessment, conformation.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.32845/bsnau.lvst.2020.4.2 Phenotypic and genetic specificity and a certain degree of consolidation are important characteristics and prerequisites for approbation and further genetic progress of breeds and their structural selection units [9,16,13,15]. Achieving the desired level of phenotypic consolidation of intrabreed selection formations first of all required presence of a genetically grounded and, at the same time, simple and affordable to calculate its evaluation criteria. Such were proposed by Yu. P. Polupan [14] coefficients of phenotypic consolidation, based on the assessment of relative narrowing of intragroup variability, are gradually gaining recognition and becoming more widespread for practical evaluation of this biological population process. The effectiveness of improving effect of evaluated traits of a particular selection group of animals was determined not only by better value estimates and level of phenotypic consolidation, depending on the degree of genetic variability of traits. The use of phenotypic consolidation coefficients allowed to objectively differentiate different selection groups of animals according to the degree of phenotypic consolidation of selection traits that characterize reproductive ability [6,12,24], milk productivity [5,26], lifetime use [1], constitutional types [18] and conformation of animals [10,11,20,23,21].
According to one of classical definitions, line -an objectively existing group of breeding animals with certain valuable qualities, which come from a high-value breeder and for many generations retain the type of ancestor, its productive and breeding qualities [2]. That is, the main feature of line was its inherent consolidation in economically useful traits due to kinship and targeted selection, making the line somewhat different from others. Conformation-constitutional features in this regard were one of indicators by which representatives of lines often differ from each other [4,7,8,11,20,25].
Given the existing problem, a methodological aspect emerged, which consisted in the development and use of an objective criterion for determining the degree of consolidation of selection formations on the leading economically useful features, which was proposed to use phenotypic consolidation coefficients. Which allowed the real selection material to sufficiently differentiate different selection groups of animals according to the degree of phenotypic consolidation of economically useful traits that are important for animal breeding [3, 17,19].
Given the problem, we consider it necessary to continue the practical testing of methods to determine the degree of phenotypic consolidation of leading genealogical formations in Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breed for linear traits that characterize conformation type of animals.
Materials and research methods. Classification daughters of sires of different lines was performed in the herd of pedigree farm PAE "Piskivske" Bakhmatsky district of Chernihiv region for breeding Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breed. The firstborn cows were evaluated according to the method [22], by a 100-score system of linear classification with a separate presentation of estimates of four sets of conformation traits that characterize the expression of dairy type, body development, limb condition and udder quality, and nine-score a scale of individual descriptive body parts of the conformation.
The degree of phenotypic consolidation of lines was determined using the formula of Yu. P. Polupan [13]: From the literature it is known that the main feature of line is the inherent consolidation of its representatives by certain economically useful traits due to kinship and targeted selection, which makes the line somewhat different from others. Conformation type in this regard is one of indicators by which lines often differ from each other. According to the 100-scale classification system, which includes the assessment of four sets of conformation traits that characterize the dairy type, body development, limb condition and udder morphological traits, some of them have the desired level of phenotypic consolidation of animals within lines and conformation complexes (Table 1). Regardless of line representation, the highest degree of phenotypic consolidation was found in firstborn cows of Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breed according to a set of morphological traits characterizing the udder with coefficients ranging from K = 0.200 (Inganse line) to K = 0.393 (Kevelie line).
According to complex of conformation traits that characterize expression of cows dairy type, the best consolidated daughter descendants of Inganse (K = 0.309) and Kevelie (K = 0.335) lines. Offspring of two pedigree lines Siteishn (K = 0.015) and R. Sovering (K = 0.049) have a low degree of phenotypic consolidation by the set of dairy-type body parts.
A similar situation in determining the degree of phenotypic consolidation was observed for a group of body parts characterizing body development. Animals of Inganse (K = 0.267) and Kevelie (K = 0.395) lines were better consolidated, and Siteshn (K = 0.048) and Valiant (K = 0.042) lines were the worst.
According to the main conformation traits of descriptive system of linear estimation within a separate representation of experimental lines, there was a significant variation, (Table 2). Only two groups of firstborn cows from the six estimated lines of Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breed belonging to Inganse 343514 and Kevelie 1620273 lines have an absolute advantage over the others in the phenotypic consolidation of all assessed traits, with variability of phenotypic coefficients from 0.3 and 0.385, on the basis of dairy type, to K = 0.067 and 0.101 -on the basis of hock joint angle.  Thus, the use of proposed coefficients in practice allowed to reliably and simply differentiate animal lines by the degree of phenotypic consolidation, but for final decision on the prospects of a genealogical formation, it is desirable to supplement the selection information with quantitative indicators.
In this particular case, when significant interlinear varia-bility of phenotypic consolidation indicators was detected, there is a corresponding variability in absolute indicators of conformation traits, positive (desirable) or negative (undesirable) development of which was almost always combined with positive or negative coefficients. This conclusion was confirmed by most indicators of linear classification (Table 3).
Descendants of pedigree line Kevelie 1620273, which with high levels of consolidation coefficients for complexes of conformation body parts by 100-score rating (K = 0.179-0.385) were consolidated on the same traits, expressed in absolute terms, which amounted to 82.3-84.3 score out of 88 possible for cows firstborn.
Animals of Inganse line 343514, which also had the highest coefficients of phenotypic consolidation in terms of complex linear traits, were better estimated in scores, which amounted to 82.1-83.9 score.
According to linear estimation of 9-score scale of descriptive traits, the same pattern was observed when the highest scores were obtained in the groups of cows firstborn of pedigree lines Kevelie 1620273 and Inganse 343514, which had the best phenotypic consolidation coefficients, (Table 4).
In terms of body depth, descendants of pedigree lines Kevelie 1620273 and Inganse 343514 with an assessment of 6.9-7.4 score prevailed animals of other lines on 1.0-2.2 score with a reliability at P <0.01-0.001.
Analyzing the results of research, it can be argued that the practical application of phenotypic consolidation coefficients as objective evaluation criteria will allow in the future control the consolidation of genealogical formations and other breeding groups of animals both by conformation type and other selection traits.
Conclusions. 1. The introduction into the practice of se-lection work of the method of determining the degree of phenotypic consolidation of animal's selection groups will allow to objectively differentiate the genealogical formations of controlled herds according to the features of conformation type. 2. The phenotypic manifestation of conformation traits, expressed by positive and negative coefficients of phenotypic consolidation, characterizes the hereditary qualities of sires of evaluated line.
3. The prospect of further research on this issue should be aimed at the wider application of phenotypic consolidation coefficients involving different breeding groups of animals and to determine the optimal (desired) level of consolidation in the structural units of breeds.