Economic useful signs of cows of the brown carpathian breed (evolution context)

Abstract

The number of the Brown Carpathian cattle females was monitored by productive quality in the breeding farms of Transcarpathian and Ivano-Frankivsk regions by year. The distribution of cows by type rating, calving and dairy productivity and live weight of cows for the last lactation of the population of the Brown Carpathian cattle and its breeding kernel is given. The largest population of the Brown Carpathian cattle breed in 2005 was more than 1,5 thousand heads. Further, the number of the population decreased by 81.5% every year until 2011. Over the years, the proportion of purebred and ІV grade cows ranged from 82% in 2009 to 100% in 2011. The distribution of cows by calves in relation to the general population showed the same proportion of cows I - IV, V calves. From 8% in 2011 to 15% in 2005, 2009 are occupied by cows with VI calves and above. First-cows of the breeding kernel occupied a small share, which ranged from 4 to 12% during 2006-2008. The average age of cows in calves is the smallest in 2005 and 2009 – 3,4 and the maximum in 2007 – 3,7 calves. The breeding kernel cows had an average age of 2,9 to 4,3 calves. Milk yield and live weight of the cows during the study periods was low. In general, there is fluctuation in the level of milk yield by years and lactations. Optimal values for cows' milk yield were obtained in 2011, where more than 2,5 tons were obtained for I lactation, 3 and 3,5 tons respectively for II and III. Fat content of cow's milk also varies from 3,67% to 3,98% . The dairy productivity and live weight of the Brown Carpathian cattle of the breeding kernel had steady and balanced values. In most cases, they were dominated by population averages. According to the type evaluation results, 70% of the cows received 75… 89 points (“good” - “very good”). In the first cows this proportion did not exceed 72%. The maximum mark of "excellent" cows was noted in 2006 and 2011. According to the morphofunctional properties of the udder of the first cows, there is a positive dynamics of increase in the proportion of cows with shape of the bath. The conducted monitoring of the livestock population of the Brown Carpathian cattle according to the main productivity indicators showed an average level of sales that did not exceed 3385 kg, with a fat content of 3,94% and a live weight of 455 kg.