CHARACTERISTICS OF GROWTH AND FATTENING QUALITIES OF STEERS OF DIFFERENT GENOTYPES REARED WITH INTENSIVE TECHNOLOGY
Keywords:
beef cattle breeding, live weight, gains, feed consumption, ration, crossbreeding, purebred breeding, industrial crossbreeding
Abstract
The article presents the results of research on growing and feeding bulls of the purebred Brown Swiss breed, as well as its crossbreeds with the Hereford and Belgian blue breeds, from birth to 15 months of age in farm conditions. Analysis of the actual rations of calves during the dairy (0–2 months) and post–weaning (2–4 months) periods shows that, in terms of energy, protein and other nutritional factors, they fully corresponded to the norms of feeding calves of meat breeds to obtain an average daily increase in live weight of about 1000 mg. It should be noted that during the period of rearing and fattening, the animals were fed ad libitum, and the daily rate of the feed mixture was constantly monitored by the amount of residues on the feed table (about 5%). Our research showed that the crossbreeds bulls of the 2nd and 3rd experimental groups exceeded the increase in live weight of the bulls of the control group in terms of absolute growth in all age periods. In the period of 12–15 months of age, the difference between bulls of the Brown Swiss breed and crossbreeds from the Hereford breed amounted to 38.4 kg (35%) and crossbreeds with Belgian blue 56 kg (51%). Our studies showed that the crossbreed bulls of the 2nd and 3rd research groups in all age periods exceeded the increase in live weight of bulls in the control group in terms of absolute growth. In the period of 12–15 months of age, the difference between the bulls of the Brown Swiss breed and the crossbreed from the Hereford breed was 38.4 kg (35%), and the crossbreed with the Belgian blue was 56 kg (51%). Thus, the difference in live weight at the age of 6 months between bulls of the Brown Swiss breed and its crossbreeds with the Hereford breed amounted to 45.2 kg (24.1%), at the age of 9 months 93.3 kg (34.9%), at the age of 12 months 135.1 kg (37.5%), and 174 kg (37%) at the age of 15 months, with a significant difference. Crossbreeds of Belgian blue bulls, respectively, at the age of 6 months had the following indicators of live weight gain: 26.5 kg (14.1%), at the age of 9 months 56.4 kg (21), at the age of 12 months 100.5 kg (27%), and at the age of 15 months, respectively, 156 kg (33%) in comparison with steers of the Brown Swiss breed with a significant difference. It is also worth noting that, with age, regardless of genotype, the consumption of both energy and protein per unit of growth increased. Over the entire period of the experiment, crossbreeds animals better transformed both energy and protein into growth. This advantage over control for metabolic energy was 28.5 and 26.3%, and for crude protein, it was 28.8 and 26.8% for experimental groups 2 and 3. In order to increase the efficiency of cultivation and obtain a greater yield of meat raw materials from one head, one should focus on the cultivation of steers of the Belgian blue breed, which, according to our research, throughout all age periods was characterized by higher live weight and growth energy, which was reflected in the average daily growth.
References
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4. Albertí, P., Panea, B., Sañudo, C., Olleta, J. L., Ripoll, G., Ertbjerg, P., Wlliams J. L. (2008). Live weight, body size and carcass characteristics of young bulls of fifteen European breeds. Livestock Science., 114, 19–30. https://doi.org/10.3920/9789086866137_026
5. Basiel, B. L., Felix, T. L. (2022). Board Invited Review: Crossbreeding beef × dairy cattle for the modern beef production system, Translational Animal Science, 62, txac025. https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txac025
6. Bennett, G. L., Thallman, R. M., Snelling, W. M., Keele, J. W., Freetly, H. C., Kuehn, L. A. (2021). Genetic changes in beef cow traits following selection for calving ease. Translational animal science, 5(1), txab009. https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txab009
7. Berry, D. P., Evans, R. D. (2014). Genetics of reproductive performance in seasonal calving beef cows and its association with performance traits. J Anim Sci., 92,1412–1422. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2013-6723
8. Berry, D. P., Ring, S. C. (2020). Observed progeny performance validates the benefit of mating genetically elite beef sires to dairy females. J Dairy Sci., 103, 2523–2533. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2019-17431
9. Biscarini, F., Nicolazzi, E. L., Stella, A., Boettcher, P. J., Gandini, G. (2015). Challenges and opportunities in genetic improvement of local livestock breeds. Frontiers in genetics, 6, 33. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2015.00033
10. Bureš, D., & Bartoň, L., (2012). Growth performance, carcass traits and meat quality of bulls and heifers slaughtered at different ages. Czech J. Anim. Sci., 57, (1), 34–43. https://www.agriculturejournals.cz/pdfs/cjs/2012/01/05.pdf
11. Clarke, A. M., Drennan, M. J., McGee, M., Kenny, D. A., Evans, R. D., Berry, D. P. (2009). Intake, growth and carcass traits in male progeny of sires differing in genetic merit for beef production. Animal, 3, 791–801. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731109004200
12. Denysenko, M. P. (2012). Problemy ta perspektyvy rozvytku miasnoho skotarstva v Ukraini [Problems and development perspectives of the cattle breeding in Ukraine]. Efektyvna ekonomika [Efficient economy], 11. http://www.economy.nayka.com.ua/?op=1&z=1912 (in Ukrainian)
13. Eriksson, S., Ask-Gullstrand, P., Fikse, W. F., Jonsson E., Eriksson J.-Å., Stålhammar H., Wallenbeck A., Hessle A. (2020). Different beef breed sires used for crossbreeding with Swedish dairy cows – effects on calving performance and carcass traits, Livestock Science, 232, 103902. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2019.103902.
14. Grodkowski, G., Gołębiewski, M., Slósarz, J., Sakowski, T., Puppel, K. (2023). Comparison between the Behavior of Low-Yield Holstein-Friesian and Brown Swiss Cows under Barn and Pasture Feeding Conditions. Animals, 13, 1697. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13101697
15. Honcharenko, I. V. (2011). Methodology of systematic evaluation of the genotype of high-yielding cows [Methodology of systematic evaluation of the genotype of high-yielding cows], Monograph. K.: Agrarian science, 352. https://nubip.edu.ua/sites/default/files/u248/metodologiya_sistemnoyi_ocinki_genotipu.pdf (in Ukrainian)
16. Honig, A. C., Inhuber, V., Spiekers, H., Windisch, W., Götz, K. U., Schuster, M., Ettle, T. (2022). Body composition and composition of gain of growing beef bulls fed rations with varying energy concentrations. Meat science, 184, 108685. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2021.108685
17. Judge, M. M., Pabiou, T., Murphy, J., Conroy, S. B., Hegarty, P. J., Berry, D. P. (2019). Potential exists to change, through breeding, the yield of individual primal carcass cuts in cattle without increasing overall carcass weight. J Anim Sci., 97, 2769–2779. https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz152
18. Keadya, S. M., Watersa, S. M., Hamillb, R. M., Dunneb, P. G., Keanea, M. G., Richardsonc, R. I., Kennya, D. A., Moloney, A. P. (2017), Compensatory growth in crossbred Aberdeen Angus and Belgian Blue steers: Effects on the colour, shear force and sensory characteristics of longissimus muscle. Meat Science, 125, 128-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2016.11.020
19. Krupa, E., Oravcová, M., Polák, P., Huba, J., Krupová, Z. (2005). Factors affecting growth traits of beef cattle breeds raised in Slovakia. Czech J. Anim. Sci., 50(1), 14–21. https://www.agriculturejournals.cz/pdfs/cjs/2005/01/03.pdf
20. Kučević, D., Papović, T., Tomović, V., Plavšić, M., Jajić, I., Krstović, S., Stanojević, D. (2019). Influence of Farm Management for Calves on Growth Performance and Meat Quality Traits Duration Fattening of Simmental Bulls and Heifers. Animals: an open access journal from MDPI, 9(11), 941. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9110941
21. McGee, M., Keane, M. G., Neilan, R., Moloney, A. P., Caffrey, P. J. (2005). Production and Carcass Traits of High Dairy Genetic Merit Holstein, Standard Dairy Genetic Merit Friesian and Charolais × Holstein-Friesian Male Cattle. Irish Journal of Agricultural and Food Research, 44(2), 215–231. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25562549
22. Macleod, M., Leinonen, I., Wall, E., Houdijk, J., Eory, V., Burns, J., Vosough Ahmadi, B., Barbero, G. M. (2019). Impact of animal breeding on GHG emissions and farm economics, EUR 29844 EN, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, (online), https://doi.org/10.2760/731326
23. McIntosh, M. M., Spiegal, S. A., McIntosh, S. Z., Sanchez, J. C., Estell, R. E., Steele, C. M., Elias, E. H., Bailey, D. W., Brown, J. R., Cibils, A. F. (2023). Matching beef cattle breeds to the environment for desired outcomes in a changing climate: A systematic review, Journal of Arid Environments, 211, 104905. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2022.104905.
24. Mendonça, F. S., MacNeil, M. D., Leal, W. S., Azambuja, R. C. C., Rodrigues, P. F., Cardoso, F. F. (2019). Crossbreeding effects on growth and efficiency in beef cow-calf systems: evaluation of Angus, Caracu, Hereford and Nelore breed direct, maternal and heterosis effects. Translational animal science, 3(4), 1286–1295. https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txz096
25. Miller, M. F., Carr, M. A., Ramsey, C. B., Crockett, K. L., Hoover, L. C. (2001). Consumer thresholds for establishing the value of beef tenderness. Journal of animal science, 79(12), 3062–3068. https://doi.org/10.2527/2001.79123062x
26. Moorey, S. E., Biase, F. H. (2020). Beef heifer fertility: importance of management practices and technological advancements. J Animal Sci Biotechnol 11, 97. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-020-00503-9
27. Ohorodnichuk, H. (2022). Features of the marbled veal growing technology at LLC LIVE-STOCK4EXPORT. Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies. Series: Agricultural Sciences, 24(97), 16–20. https://doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet-a9702 (in Ukrainian)
28. Olofsson, A., Öhman, S. (2016). Monster Cows and the Doing of Modern Biotechnology in Sweden. An Inter-sectional Risk Analysis. Journal of Risk Analysis and Crisis Response, 6(4), 186–196. https://doi.org/10.2991/jrarc.2016.6.4.3.
29. Rolfe, K. M., Snelling, W. M., Nielsen, M. K., Freetly, H. C., Ferrell, C. L., Jenkins, T. G. (2011). Genetic and phenotypic parameter estimates for feed intake and other traits in growing beef cattle, and opportunities for selection. J Anim Sci 89:3452–3459. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2011-3961
30. Rudyk, I. A., Bushtruk, M. V., Starostenko, I. S., Stavetska, R. V., Ponomarenko, I. V., Tkachenko, S. V., Danylenko, V. P. (2009). Rozvedennia silskohospodarskykh tvaryn: Navchalnyi posibnyk. [Breeding of farm animals: Study guide], Kyiv. https://rep.btsau.edu.ua/bitstream/BNAU/3240/1/ROZVEDENNIA_%20SILS.pdf (in Ukrainian)
31. Pidpala, T. V. (2006). Selektsiia silskohospodarskykh tvaryn: Navchalnyi posibnyk [Breeding of farm animals: Study guide]. Mykolaiv: Vydavnychyi viddil MDAU [Mykolaiv: Publishing Department of MDAU]. https://moodle.znu.edu.ua/pluginfile.php/462263/mod_resource/content/1/Селекція%20СГ%20тварин.pdf (in Ukrainian)
32. Provatorov, G. V. (2023). Normy, ratsiony i pozhyvnist kormiv dlia riznykh vydiv silskohospodarskykh tvaryn: Dovidnyk [Norms, rations and nutrition of fodder for different types of farm animals: Handbook. Amounts], LLC "VTD "University Book", 488. https://oldiplus.ua/normi-godivli-ratsioni-i-pozhivnist-kormiv-dlya-riznih-vidiv-silsko-gospodarskih-tvarin/ (in Ukrainian)
33. Skoromna, O. I., Holembivskyi, S. O., Razanova, O. P., Vikarchuk, N., Hordii, A. M. (2022). Efektyvnist rozvedennia krosiv belhiiskoi blakytnoi porody velykoi rohatoi khudoby v Ukraini [. Effectiveness of breeding crosses of the Belgian blue breed of cattle in Ukraine]. Tavriiskyi naukovyi visnyk [Taurian scientific bulletin], 125, 184–193. https://doi.org/10.32851/2226-0099.2022.125.26 (in Ukrainian)
34. Solé, M., Gori, A. S., Faux, P. (2017). Age-based partitioning of individual genomic inbreeding levels in Belgian Blue cattle. Genet Sel Evol., 49, 92. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12711-017-0370-x
35. Tagljapietra, F. (2018). Growth performance, carcase characteristics and meat quality of crossbred bulls and heifers from double-muscled Belgian Blue sires and Brown Swiss, Simmental and Rendena dams. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 17(3), 565–573. https://doi.org/10.1080/1828051X.2017.1401911
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Published
2024-03-12
How to Cite
Ladyka, V. I., Tymchenko, O. L., Kyselov, O., OparaV. О., & Mykhalko, O. H. (2024). CHARACTERISTICS OF GROWTH AND FATTENING QUALITIES OF STEERS OF DIFFERENT GENOTYPES REARED WITH INTENSIVE TECHNOLOGY. Bulletin of Sumy National Agrarian University. The Series: Livestock, (1), 59-68. https://doi.org/10.32782/bsnau.lvst.2024.1.7
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Articles
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