Genetic resources of trotter horse in Ukraine
Abstract
In international and national agrarian programs, the priority is to conserve the genetic resources of animal husbandry and to develop ways of their efficient using, because in the world there is a clear tendency to reduce the breed composition of domesticated animal species. Now days, equestrian plants are unprofitable, lack of the sources for extended reproduction, and consequently reduce the number of valuable horses, impoverish the general gene pool. Therefore, the purpose of our research was to analyze the current state of breeding horses in Ukraine, to characterize of domestic breeds of stud horses, which are the basis for breeding work, to predict their importance in the breeding process. Materials and Research Methods: To analyze the state of horse breeding development in Ukraine, the State Register of subjects of breeding business in animal husbandry for 2005-2020 and data from long-term studies of the horse breeding industry in Ukraine were used. The methods of systematic generalization, graphical, analytical and comparative statistics were used for the study. An analysis of the state of stud horse breeding in Ukraine was done. It is shown that most of stud horses concentrated in the eastern regions of Ukraine, Luhansk, Kharkiv, Dnipro region. At the beginning of 2020 it was registered 38 stud farms where 10 breed of horses are bred. It has been shown that, in the face of a prolonged crisis over the last 15 years, breeding stock in Ukraine has significantly reduced in numbers, narrowed of breed structure, and changed in ownership. It is found that the leaders of breeds by amount are Ukrainian riding horse, Thoroughbred horses, Orlov Trotter breed and Russian Trotter breed horses. During the period from 2005 to 2020 horse industry in Ukraine has suffered significant. Losses and the amount of stud horses decreased more than in twice. However, over the last year in some regions of Ukraine there have been tendencies to increase the number of stud horses. Some breeds of horses could be used both in the breeding process and in crossbreeding for sports.
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