PROBLEMS AND ACTUALITY OF POULTRY PRODUCTION IN HOUSEHOLDS AND FARMS
Abstract
Over the past decade, organic poultry production in Europe has focused on the complete abandonment of cage housing and the use of laying hens on the floor and in organic free-range systems. Rejection of keeping in enriched multi-storey cage batteries leads to a significant reduction in the number of poultry and reduces the egg production per average laying hen per year in organic systems (free-range grazing) to 270-280 eggs. Increasing the rate of production of more organic chicken eggs returns poultry production to an extensive technology that "sort of" meets the criteria for organic products. Studies show that organic products can be perceived as healthier and safer, and organic production as more environmentally friendly. Consumer evaluation of product quality is based on three main dimensions: 1) the safety of poultry places; 2) the safety of organic products for human health; and 3) the safety of organic production for the environment. But the value of organic products from pasture-raised chickens is much higher for a number of reasons compared to products from poultry under other housing systems. The health and productivity of free-range poultry, firstly, depends on the time of year, the age of the birds and various weather conditions (temperature, rain, sun, wind). Secondly, increased mortality can be due to many factors: predation, parasitic infestations, pathogenic bacteria or viruses originating from the wild. To improve alternative organic poultry farming, innovative management practices must be implemented to improve safety, poultry productivity and reduce the cost of organic products. "The order (detailed rules of organic production and use of organic products) approved in Ukraine, it is desirable to revise, focusing not only on the use of free grazing systems, but also to increase the percentage of confinement systems with restricted walking. At the same time, prohibiting the use of antibiotics, growth enhancers, other chemicals, and increasing the use of organic roughage, green or dry fodder in feeding. Produced products can be accepted as organic, checking for the absence of negative components listed above.
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