CORRELATIVE VARIABILITY BETWEEN UDDER MEASUREMENTS AND DESCRIPTIVE TRAITS OF LINEAR CLASSIFICATION FIRST-BORN COWS OF DAIRY BREEDS OF DOMESTIC SELECTION
Keywords:
Holstein, Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy, first-born cows, measurements, linear traits, correlation.
Abstract
Research on the study of correlative variability between udder measurements and descriptive traits of the linear classification first-born cows of dairy breeds was carried out in the herd of private enterprise "Buryns'ke" Pidlisnivsky branch of Sumy region for breeding Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy and Holstein breeds. The udder was evaluated in two ways - metric and visual using the linear classification method. Due to the selection importance of determining the correlation variability between measurements and udder linear traits of cows, we set a goal to determine their level in a comparative analysis of two specialized dairy breeds. The highest positive and reliable correlations have been obtained between udder measurements, which were in first-born cows of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy and Holstein breeds, between udder girth and fore quarter depth (r = 0.466 and 0.474), fore quarter length (r = 0.325 and 0.366) and especially with the length (r=0.632 and 0.654) and width (r=0.584 and 0.522) of the udder. A slightly smaller, but also positive correlation was determined with the distance between fore (r=0.268) and rear (r=0.253) teats. Anatomically related udder parts were correlated with high levels of coefficients and their reliability - fore teats length with rear ones (r = 0.698 and 0.713), fore teats diameter with rear ones (r = 0.661 and 0.578), and the distance between of fore and rear (0.569 and 0.269) teats. Reliable positive correlations between the descriptive traits of linear classification were obtained between traits that responsible for udder attachment at the appropriate height. The fore udder attachment of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy and Holstein cows correlated with rear attachment height (r = 0.324 and 0.458), central ligament (r = 0.353 and 0.386), and udder depth (r = 0.255 and 0.384). The rear udder attachment was similarly correlated with the central ligament (r = 0.411 and 0.381) and udder depth (r = 0.339 and 0.378), and central ligament with udder depth (r = 0.369 and 0.258), respectively. The positive level of phenotypic correlations established between individual udder measurements and descriptive linear type traits, especially between anatomically and functionally related ones, testified about their indirect development in the direction of dairy cows desired type.
References
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22. Kistemaker, G., & Huapaya, G. (2006). Parameter estimation for type traits in the Holstein, Ayrshire and Jersey breeds. (mimeo) Dairy cattle breeding and Genetics Committee Report to the Genetic Evaluation Board. March, 2006.
23. Kulchytska, A. P. (2012). Balna otsinka morfolohichnykh oznak vymeni koriv v zalezhnosti vid sposobiv doinnia [Score assessment of morphological udder traits of cows depending on the milking methods]. Suchasni problemy selektsii, rozvedennia ta hihiieny tvaryn. Zbirnyk naukovykh prats VNAU, 2(60), pp. 101–104. (in Ukrainian).
24. Ladyka, V. I., Khmelnychyi, L. M., Burkat, V. P. and Ruban, S. Yu. (2010). Reyestratsiya ICAR. Dovidnyk [ICAR Registration: Reference book]. Sumy: Sumskyi Natsionalnyi Ahrarnyi Universytet. (in Ukrainian).
25. Liubynskyi, O. I., Shuplyk, V. V. and Kasprov, R. V. (2012). Selektsiino-henetychna otsinka vymeni u koriv prykarpatskoho vnutrishnoporodnoho typu ukrainskoi chervono-riaboi molochnoi porody [Selection-genetic evaluation of udder in cows of Carpathian intrabreed type of Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breed]. Tavriiskyi naukovyi visnyk, no. 78(2), pp. 125–129. (in Ukrainian).
26. Merkur'eva, E. K. (1977). Geneticheskie osnovy selektsii v skotovodstve [Genetic bases of selection in the animal husbandry]. Moskva: Kolos.
27. Mingoas, K. J., Awah-Ndukum, J., Dakyang, H., & Zoli P. A. (2017). Effects of body conformation and udder morphology on milk yield of zebu cows in North region of Cameroon. Veterinary World, 10(8), 901–905. doi: 10.14202/ vetworld.2017.901-905.
28. Modh, R. H., Nauriyal, D. S., Islam, M. M., Modi, R. J. & Wadhwani, K. N. (2017). Morphological study on types of udder and teats in association with subclinical mastitis in Gir cows. International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology, 6(4), 2688–2693.
29. Oshin, S. K., Nandhini, P. B., & Sushil K. (2021). Phenotypic relationship among udder type traits and milk production traits in Sahiwal cattle. The Pharma Innovation Journal; SP-10(5), 728–731.
30. Palii, A. and Lutsenko, M. (2017). Promyslove vykorystannia vysokoproduktyvnykh koriv na suchasnykh molochnykh kompleksakh [Industrial use of highly productive cows in modern dairy complexes]. Tvarynnytstvo Ukrainy, no. 3, pp. 14–16. (in Ukrainian).
31. Patel1, Y. G., Trivedi, M. M., Rajpura, R. M., Savaliya F. P. & Monika Parmar. (2016). Udder and teat measurements and their relation with milk production in crossbred cows. International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology, 5(5), 3048 – 3054.
32. Pishchan, I. S. (2016). Morfolohichni vlastyvosti vymeni koriv shvitskoi porody avstriiskoi ta sumskoi selektsii [Morphological features of cows udder of Swiss breed of Austrian and Sumy selection]. Naukovo-tekhnichnyi biuleten NDTs biobezpeky ta ekolohichnoho kontroliu resursiv APK, no. 1, pp. 168–175. (in Ukrainian). 33. Polupan, Yu. P. and Koval, T. P. (2006). Morfolohichni osoblyvosti vymia koriv ukrainskoi chervonoi molochnoi porody [Morphological features of the cow's udder of Ukrainian Red dairy breed]. Visnyk ahrarnoi nauky, no. 1, pp. 23–28. (in Ukrainian).
34. Sabuncuoglu, N., & Coban, O. (2007). Relationship between udder and teat conformation and milk yield performance in dairy cows pre- and post-milking. Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 87, 285–289.
35. Salohub, A. M. (2011). Liniyna klasyfikatsiya buhayiv-plidnykiv za typom yikhnikh dochok [Linear classification of sires according to the type of their daughters]. Tvarynnytstvo Ukrayiny, no. 4, pp. 19–21. (in Ukrainian).
36. Singh, R. S., Bansal, B. K., & Gupta, D. K. (2014). Udder health in relation to udder and teat morphometry in holsteinfriesian × Sahiwal crossbred dairy cows. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 46, 93–98.
37. Vinnychuk, D. T. (1970). Vyroshchuvannia i vidbir koriv dlia mashynnoho doinnia [Growing and selection of cows for machine milking]. Kyiv: Urozhai. (in Ukrainian).
38. Wiggans, G. R., Thornton, L. L. M., Neitzel, R. R., & Gengler, N. J. (2006). Genetic parameters and evaluation of rear legs (rear view) for brown Swiss and Guernseys. Dairy Sciences, 89, 4895–4900.
2. Akinsola, O. M., Atang, I. B., Atanda, A. O., Ugwu, L., Bunjah, D. S., Jirgi, D. J. & Bello, M. O. (2018). Genetic parameter estimates for milk and conformation traits of multi-genotype cattle. Asian Journal of Advances in Agricultural Research, 5(3), 1–8, Article no.AJAAR.39805. DOI: 10.9734/AJAAR/2018/39805
3. Berry, D. P., Buckley, F., Dillon, P., Evans, R. D., Rath, M., & Veerkamp, R. F. (2003). Genetic relationships among body condition score, body weight, milk yield and fertility in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci., 86, 2193–2204.
4. Bhutto, A. L., Murray, R. D., & Woldehiwet, Z. (2010). Udder shape and teat-end lesions as potential risk factors for high somatic cell counts and intra mammary infections in dairy cows. Veterinary Journal, 183, 63–67.
5. Bohlouli, M., Alijani, S., & Varposhti, M. R. (2015). Genetic relationships among linear type traits and milk production traits of Holstein dairy cattle. Ann. Anim. Sci., 15(4), 903–917.
6. Bouška, J., Vacek, M., Štípková, M., & Němec A., (2006). The relationship between linear type traits and stayability of Czech Fleckvieh cows. Czech J. Anim. Sci., 51(7), 299–304.
7. Campos, R. V., Cobuci, J. A., Costa, C. N., & Neto, J. B. (2012). Genetic parameters for type traits in Holstein cows in Brazil. R. Bras. Zootec., 41, 2150–2161.
8. Dahiya, S. P. (2006). The genetics of udder type scores in dairy cattle - a review. Agric. Rev., 27 (1), 53–59.
9. De Groot, B. J., Keown, J. F., Van Vleck, L. D., & Marotz, E. L. (2002). Genetic parameters and responses of linear type, yield traits, and somatic cell scores to divergent selection for predicted transmitting ability for type in Holsteins. J. Dairy Sci., 85, 1578–1585.
10. Denysiuk, O. V. (2012). Morfolohichni ta funktsionalni oznaky vymeni koriv otrymanykh vid buhaiv-plidnykiv riznoho ekohenezu [Morphological and functional udder traits of cows obtained from sires of different ecogenesis]. Biuleten Instytutu silskoho hospodarstva stepovoi zony NAAN Ukrainy, no. 3, pp. 152–154. (in Ukrainian).
11. Du Toit, J., Van Wyk, J. B., & Maiwashe, A. (2012). Relationships between functional herd life and conformation traits in the South African Jersey breed. South African Journal of Animal Science, 42 (1), 47-54.
12. Gar'kavyi, F. L. (1974). Selekcija korov i mashinnoe doenie [Breeding of cows and machine milking]. Moskva: Kolos.
13. Găvan, C., & Riza, M. (2021). Somatic cell count in relation to udder and morphometry in Holstein Friesian dairy cows. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology. A 11, 47–52. DOI: 10.17265/2161-6256/2021.01.003
14. Hmel'nichij, S. L. (2014). Ocenka korov-pervotelok ukrainskoj cherno-pestroj molochnoj porody po morfologicheskim priznakam vymeni [Estimation of first-calf cows of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed by udder morphological traits]. Aktual'nye problemy intensivnogo razvitija zhivotnovodstva: sbornik nauchnyh trudov Belorusskoj gos. sel'hoz. akademii. Gorki: BGSHA, 17(2), 166–170.
15. Hogeveen, H., Huijps, K., & Lam, T. (2011). Economic aspects of mastitis: New developments. Journal of Veterinary Science, 59, 16–23.
16. Kern, E. L., Cobuci, J. A., Costa, C. N., & Pimente, C. M. M. (2014). Factor analysis of linear type traits and their relation with longevity in Brazilian Holstein cattle. Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci., 27 (6), 784-790.
17. Khan, M. A., & Khan, M. S. (2016). Heritability, genetic and phenotypic correlations of body capacity traits with milk yield in Sahiwal cows of Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Life and Social Sciences, 14(2), 77–82.
18. Khmelnychyi, L. M. (2017). Osoblyvosti eksteriernoho typu koriv ukrainskoi chorno-riaboi molochnoi porody Cherkaskoho rehionu otsinenykh za metodykoiu liniinoi klasyfikatsii [Conformation type features of cows Ukrainian Black-and- White dairy breed in Cherkassy region estimated by the method of linear classification]. Rozvedennia i henetyka tvaryn, no. 54, pp. 112–119. (in Ukrainian).
19. Khmelnychyi, L. M. and Bardash, D. O. (2019). Pokaznyky dovholittia koriv ukrainskoi chervono-riaboi molochnoi porody zalezhno vid chastky spadkovosti holshtynskoi porody [Longevity indicators of cows of Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breed depending on the share of Holstein breed inheritance]. Visnyk Sumskoho NAU. Seriia «Tvarynnytstvo», 4(39), pp. 13–19. (in Ukrainian).
20. Khmelnychyi, L. M., Ladyka, V. I., Polupan, Yu. P., Bratushka, R. V., Pryima, S. V. and Vechorka, V. V. (2016). Liniina klasyfikatsiia koriv molochnykh i molochno-miasnykh porid za typom. (Metodychni vkazivky) – 2-e vyd., pererob. i dop. [Linear classification of cows dairy and dairy-meat breeds by type. (Methodical instructions). 2nd ed., reworked and ext.]. Sumy: Sumskyi Natsionalnyi Ahrarnyi Universytet. (in Ukrainian).
21. Khmelnychyi, L. M., Vechorka, V. V. and Khmelnychyi, S. L. (2018). Osoblyvosti eksteriernoho typu molochnoi khudoby riznoho pokhodzhennia ta spivvidnosna minlyvist liniinykh oznak z nadoiem koriv holshtynskoi porody [Features of the conformation type of dairy cattle of different origin and correlative variability of linear traits with milk yield of Holstein cows]. Rozvedennia i henetyka tvaryn. Mizhvidomchyi tematychnyi naukovyi zbirnyk, no. 56, pp. 77–83. (in Ukrainian).
22. Kistemaker, G., & Huapaya, G. (2006). Parameter estimation for type traits in the Holstein, Ayrshire and Jersey breeds. (mimeo) Dairy cattle breeding and Genetics Committee Report to the Genetic Evaluation Board. March, 2006.
23. Kulchytska, A. P. (2012). Balna otsinka morfolohichnykh oznak vymeni koriv v zalezhnosti vid sposobiv doinnia [Score assessment of morphological udder traits of cows depending on the milking methods]. Suchasni problemy selektsii, rozvedennia ta hihiieny tvaryn. Zbirnyk naukovykh prats VNAU, 2(60), pp. 101–104. (in Ukrainian).
24. Ladyka, V. I., Khmelnychyi, L. M., Burkat, V. P. and Ruban, S. Yu. (2010). Reyestratsiya ICAR. Dovidnyk [ICAR Registration: Reference book]. Sumy: Sumskyi Natsionalnyi Ahrarnyi Universytet. (in Ukrainian).
25. Liubynskyi, O. I., Shuplyk, V. V. and Kasprov, R. V. (2012). Selektsiino-henetychna otsinka vymeni u koriv prykarpatskoho vnutrishnoporodnoho typu ukrainskoi chervono-riaboi molochnoi porody [Selection-genetic evaluation of udder in cows of Carpathian intrabreed type of Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breed]. Tavriiskyi naukovyi visnyk, no. 78(2), pp. 125–129. (in Ukrainian).
26. Merkur'eva, E. K. (1977). Geneticheskie osnovy selektsii v skotovodstve [Genetic bases of selection in the animal husbandry]. Moskva: Kolos.
27. Mingoas, K. J., Awah-Ndukum, J., Dakyang, H., & Zoli P. A. (2017). Effects of body conformation and udder morphology on milk yield of zebu cows in North region of Cameroon. Veterinary World, 10(8), 901–905. doi: 10.14202/ vetworld.2017.901-905.
28. Modh, R. H., Nauriyal, D. S., Islam, M. M., Modi, R. J. & Wadhwani, K. N. (2017). Morphological study on types of udder and teats in association with subclinical mastitis in Gir cows. International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology, 6(4), 2688–2693.
29. Oshin, S. K., Nandhini, P. B., & Sushil K. (2021). Phenotypic relationship among udder type traits and milk production traits in Sahiwal cattle. The Pharma Innovation Journal; SP-10(5), 728–731.
30. Palii, A. and Lutsenko, M. (2017). Promyslove vykorystannia vysokoproduktyvnykh koriv na suchasnykh molochnykh kompleksakh [Industrial use of highly productive cows in modern dairy complexes]. Tvarynnytstvo Ukrainy, no. 3, pp. 14–16. (in Ukrainian).
31. Patel1, Y. G., Trivedi, M. M., Rajpura, R. M., Savaliya F. P. & Monika Parmar. (2016). Udder and teat measurements and their relation with milk production in crossbred cows. International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology, 5(5), 3048 – 3054.
32. Pishchan, I. S. (2016). Morfolohichni vlastyvosti vymeni koriv shvitskoi porody avstriiskoi ta sumskoi selektsii [Morphological features of cows udder of Swiss breed of Austrian and Sumy selection]. Naukovo-tekhnichnyi biuleten NDTs biobezpeky ta ekolohichnoho kontroliu resursiv APK, no. 1, pp. 168–175. (in Ukrainian). 33. Polupan, Yu. P. and Koval, T. P. (2006). Morfolohichni osoblyvosti vymia koriv ukrainskoi chervonoi molochnoi porody [Morphological features of the cow's udder of Ukrainian Red dairy breed]. Visnyk ahrarnoi nauky, no. 1, pp. 23–28. (in Ukrainian).
34. Sabuncuoglu, N., & Coban, O. (2007). Relationship between udder and teat conformation and milk yield performance in dairy cows pre- and post-milking. Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 87, 285–289.
35. Salohub, A. M. (2011). Liniyna klasyfikatsiya buhayiv-plidnykiv za typom yikhnikh dochok [Linear classification of sires according to the type of their daughters]. Tvarynnytstvo Ukrayiny, no. 4, pp. 19–21. (in Ukrainian).
36. Singh, R. S., Bansal, B. K., & Gupta, D. K. (2014). Udder health in relation to udder and teat morphometry in holsteinfriesian × Sahiwal crossbred dairy cows. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 46, 93–98.
37. Vinnychuk, D. T. (1970). Vyroshchuvannia i vidbir koriv dlia mashynnoho doinnia [Growing and selection of cows for machine milking]. Kyiv: Urozhai. (in Ukrainian).
38. Wiggans, G. R., Thornton, L. L. M., Neitzel, R. R., & Gengler, N. J. (2006). Genetic parameters and evaluation of rear legs (rear view) for brown Swiss and Guernseys. Dairy Sciences, 89, 4895–4900.
Published
2022-07-12
How to Cite
Khmelnychyi, L. M., Khmelnychyi, S. L., & Karpenko, B. M. (2022). CORRELATIVE VARIABILITY BETWEEN UDDER MEASUREMENTS AND DESCRIPTIVE TRAITS OF LINEAR CLASSIFICATION FIRST-BORN COWS OF DAIRY BREEDS OF DOMESTIC SELECTION. Bulletin of Sumy National Agrarian University. The Series: Livestock, (1), 79-85. https://doi.org/10.32845/bsnau.lvst.2022.1.12
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Articles
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