THE HOLSTEIN BREED – GENESIS, BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND THE EFFICIENCY OF ITS USE IN THE CREATION AND IMPROVEMENT OF SPECIALIZED DAIRY BREEDS
Keywords:
Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy, Holstein, linear type assessment, correlative variability.
Abstract
A brief genesis of the Holstein breed is presented, its biological characteristics in terms of milk productivity and exterior type, distribution and world records of cows in terms of milk productivity. Similarly, the history of the creation of the Sumy intra-breed type of the Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed is given, which was carried out traditionally by the method of reproductive crossing of local Lebedinskyi cattle with producers of both Holstein and Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breeds. The research results showed that animals of Sumy intra-breed type of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed at the present stage of selection are distinguished by a fairly high genetic potential for milk productivity. In terms of appearance, they develop in the direction of the dairy type, however, significant variability in descriptive traits and low coefficients of their heritability indicate the lack of animals’ proper selection by type. It is reported that, based on the assessment of cows of different crossbred genotypes, the degree of phenotypic variability of linear traits narrows with increasing heritability of the Holstein breed. Thus, a high level of phenotypic consolidation in group and most descriptive traits of the exterior are characterized by first-born cows with a Holstein blood share of 87.5% and above. Since the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed of the Sumy region is experiencing the absorption influence of the Holstein breed, a motivated need has arisen for a thorough study of the exterior of animals at the present stage of their selection in a comparative interbreed analysis. A comparative analysis of the first-born cows of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy and Holstein breeds, assessed using the linear classification method, showed high performance in Holstein animals by both group and descriptive characteristics. The distribution of first-born cows in experimental breeds according to the final score of the international classification scale into classes showed a significant correlation between the assessment level and their milk productivity. The obvious advantage of Holstein cows over their peers of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy cattle, according to linear classification estimates, indicates a positive selection effect that will accompany the further use of Holstein sires in the process of absorption crossing.
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Published
2023-12-22
How to Cite
Khmelnychyi, L. M., Karpenko, B. M., & Suprun, I. O. (2023). THE HOLSTEIN BREED – GENESIS, BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND THE EFFICIENCY OF ITS USE IN THE CREATION AND IMPROVEMENT OF SPECIALIZED DAIRY BREEDS. Bulletin of Sumy National Agrarian University. The Series: Livestock, (4), 59-71. https://doi.org/10.32782/bsnau.lvst.2023.4.7
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