STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF FACTORS ON THE CONTENT OF SOMATIC CELLS IN MILK
Abstract
Milk, as a raw material for a large number of products, must meet high quality criteria. The content of somatic cells in milk has a special place in this. It is this indicator that characterizes the state of the cow's mammary gland and may indicate the presence of subclinical mastitis. When the content of somatic cells increases, the level of milk productivity decreases, the content of milk components decreases, and the technological properties of milk raw materials deteriorate during processing into hard cheeses. In turn, the occurrence of mastitis can significantly reduce the economic efficiency of the dairy industry. Therefore, studying the number of solitary cells in milk and the factors affecting it is an urgent task. In order to solve this problem, we conducted research in breeding farms for the breeding of Ukrainian brown dairy and Ukrainian blackspotted dairy breeds of the State Enterprise "Research Farm of the Institute of Agriculture of the Northeast of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine" (Sumsky district). The level of milk productivity was determined based on the results of control milking. The content of somatic cells was determined in the laboratory of the Institute of Animal Husbandry of the National Academy of Sciences on the equipment of Bentley Instruments. Biometric processing of the results was carried out using the methods of mathematical statistics using the Statistisa 8.0 program on a PC. The strength of influence was determined by one-factor analysis of variance according to the method of M.O. Plokhinsky. The interbreeding differentiation according to the content of somatic cells in milk was established. their lower content is characteristic of the first-borns of the Ukrainian brown dairy breed (less than 200,000 cells/cm3). The average value of the studied trait in the first-borns of the Ukrainian black-spotted dairy breed was two times higher, which may indicate the presence of subclinical mastitis in them. There is also a difference in the content of somatic cells in the milk of cows depending on the origin of the father. Daughters of breeders of the Swiss breed Julex 814660569 and Phoenix 536673172 were distinguished by a lower content of somatic cells in milk. The daughters of Holstein breeder Fawn 356552537 had the highest content of somatic cells in milk. The peculiarities of the dynamics of changes in the content of somatic cells in milk during lactation and depending on the age of the animal were studied. According to the results of one-factor variance analysis, a statistically significant effect of paternal origin and machine milking operator on the content of somatic cells in milk was found. the obtained results allow us to assert the effectiveness of breeding measures and improvement of technological measures aimed at reducing the content of somatic cells in cows' milk.
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