ECOLOGICAL AND GENETIC PARAMETERS OF LIVE WEIGHT MEAT AND EGGS HENS OF DIFFERENT GENETIC ORIGIN
Abstract
The article presents the results of studies on the evaluation of the polygenically determined quantitative trait "live weight" under the influence of the interaction "genotype × environment" on the wide genetic material of chickens of different genotypes, obtained in the course of an experiment on the effectiveness of crossing roosters of imported meat crosses from meat- egg-laying females of domestic selection. According to plasticity, chickens can be divided into groups with high (bi value in the range of 0,85-0,99) and low plasticity (bi value in the range of 1,03-1,06). The first group includes meat-egg hens of both investigated generations of the original family form and "Ross" groups "K-2" and "K-22". To the second – "Kobb" poultry of the first and second generations, groups "K-32" and "K-5". From this it follows that the birds of the first group reacted to a change in the environmental conditions during cultivation to a lesser extent than the birds of the second group. Meat-egg hens of the local subpopulation "K" were characterized by high plasticity during two adjacent generations (bi=0,85-0,97), which indicates greater adaptability of local birds to cage rearing conditions. Among the descendants of the second generation, the birds of the "K-11" and "K-22" groups, obtained by "in-house" breeding, were more plastic in terms of live weight compared to the "K-51" and "K-32" groups, obtained by back crossing. Chickens of the synthetic population "K-5" were characterized by low plasticity in terms of live weight (bi=1,06), which indicates their high response to changes in environmental conditions and the influence of active factors that occurred during rearing. Meat and eggs hens F10 of the original maternal form were more stable in terms of live weight compared to F1 offspring. The least stable in terms of live weight were the "Kobb" F1 chickens of the "K-1" group. Among the offspring of the second generation, higher values of stability are characteristic of chickens of groups "K-22" and "K-51" (S2 i=3462,49-3556,33) compared to groups "K-11" and "K-32" (S2 i=4183,51-4620,95). That is, the latter turned out to be less stable in terms of live weight under the same growing conditions. Meat and egg chickens of the synthetic population "K-5" were characterized by low stability in terms of live weight (S2 i=22148,04). Among the birds with high plasticity and low stability, as a desirable combination of these parameters, it is possible to single out the "K-51" and "K-32" groups obtained by backcrossing and the "Kobb" F2 of the "K-11" group, which have relatively high plasticity indicators (bi=1,03-1,06) are combined with low stability (S2 i=3556,33-4620,95).
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