OPERATIONAL VALUE, REPRODUCTIVE QUALITIES, AND LEVEL OF ADAPTATION OF SOWS OF LARGE WHITE BREED OF FOREIGN ORIGIN
Abstract
The paper presents the results of studies of long-term adaptation indicators, reproductive qualities of sows of the large white breed, the indicators of trait variability and their correlation calculated, and the economic efficiency of the research results. The research was carried out in the agricultural formations of the Dnipropetrovsk and Sumy regions (STV "Druzhba- Kaznacheivka," experimental farm, Institute of Agriculture of the Northeast of the National Academy of Sciences, 2021-2022), the laboratory of animal husbandry of the State Institution "Institute of Grain Crops of the National Academy of Sciences" and the laboratory of animal husbandry and fodder production of the Institute of Agriculture of the North East National Academy of Sciences. The work was carried out following the program of scientific research of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine No. 31, "Genetic improvement of agricultural animals, their reproduction and preservation of biodiversity" ("Genetics, preservation, and reproduction of biological resources in animal husbandry"), task – 31.02.01.18.P. "To determine the adaptive features and the nature of the inheritance of polygenic-heritable traits of pigs of different genotypes and to develop an integrated system for creating a highly productive population." It was established that high indicators of the level of adaptation and reproductive qualities characterize sows of controlled populations (n=259). Therefore, their life expectancy is 44.8 months, the duration of breeding use is 35.2 months, and the "adaptation level" index is 9.90 points. During the period of breeding use, 6.3 farrowing were obtained from the animals of the specified production group; their fertility is equal to 10.9±0.07 piglets per farrowing, litter weight at the time of weaning at the age of 30 days is 76.3±0.45 kg. The number of sows from which 100 or more live piglets were obtained during the breeding period is 46 or 17.76%. Taking into account the intrabreed differentiation according to the "level of adaptation" index, a reliable difference between the groups was established according to the following indicators: "total live piglets obtained, pigs" (54.39%), "multifertility, the pigs" (9.82%), "nest weight per weaning time at the age of 28 days, kg" (4.59%). Data analysis shows that sows of the "high operational value" category are superior to their peers in the "low operational value" category according to the indicators of "total live piglets obtained, total." by 64.8 pigs, "multifertility, the pigs" – 1.2 pigs, "nest weight at the time of weaning at the age of 28 days, kg" – 4.7 kg. Coefficients of pairwise correlation between traits characterizing the level of adaptation of sows and indicators of reproductive qualities range from –0.564 (“level of adaptation” index × total piglets born, tr=13.31, Р<0.001) to +0.945 (duration of breeding use × farrowings were obtained, tr=213.05, P<0.001). The maximum increase in additional production was obtained from sows of the IIIrd group (adaptation index ranges from 3.22 to 7.32 points) (+267%), as well as animals of the Ist group ("high operational value" category) (+3.17%)).
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