TECHNOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF MANUFACTURING BODY PARTS OF CHEMICAL MACHINES AND APPARATUS

Abstract

Modern heavy engineering is characterized by a significant proportion of small-scale and single forms of production. Machines produced for the metallurgical, energy, mining, chemical industries are characterized by high metal consumption and high labor intensity of their manufacture. For the manufacture of large-sized parts, either universal equipment and equipment with numerical control are used, or technological complexes are created based on the use of unique equipment, large devices and conductors, and in some cases – original tools. Due to the specific features of the processing of heavy and large-sized parts and the low seriality of their production, in the development of technology it is impossible to mechanically introduce progressive methods and methods of processing, as well as the organization of work that are widely used in large-scale and mass production of industries not related to heavy engineering. When cutting these parts, there is often a need for original technical solutions (Technologia tiajelogo mashinostroenia, 1967). The main tasks in the processing of heavy and large-sized parts are: achieving the required geometry of accuracy, surface roughness and physical and mechanical properties of the surface layer. Finishing operations, during which the physical and mechanical properties of the surface layer of massive parts are formed, and consequently, their performance, based on cutting of materials. Processing large-sized parts is very time consuming, associated with a lot of time. Therefore, one of the main issues that have to be addressed in heavy engineering is to increase the processing productivity as a result of the use of advanced technological solutions, a further increase in production equipment, its specialization, mechanization and partial automation. A significant reserve for increasing labor productivity in heavy engineering is the rational organization of the production of large-sized parts, based on the use of group technological processes, typing of processes, normalization of equipment and tools, centralization of technological preparation of production, introduction of scientific and technological achievements. Chemical and petroleum engineering and apparatus construction usually has an individual and small-scale nature of production. About 50% of chemical and petroleum equipment is manufactured according to individual orders and original models (Berliner V.I., Balashov U.A., 1976). In such conditions, technological preparation of production is especially difficult, characterized by the use of mainly universal metal cutting and forging and pressing equipment, low equipment with special equipment and devices, and the creation of temporary specialized technological processes. Analysis of the designs of the devices shows that they mainly consist of the same type of parts and assembly units (shells, bottoms, hatches, fittings, supports, etc.). This predetermines the possibility of organizing in-line production. In the flow method of equipment production, specialized sites and workshops are created that work on the principle of in-line, mechanized lines that are reconfigured for the manufacture, processing and assembly of standard and normalized parts, assembly units and products (Vlasova G.B., Tchudevich D.A., Pivovarov N.A., 2022). Therefore, the problems of optimization of production and calculation of parameters of dimensional characteristics of the main parts – shells and bottoms of chemical devices – are extremely relevant. The purpose of the work. Research of dimensional characteristics of blanks of body parts of chemical devices, their influence on manufacturing technology and quality parameters of parts, as well as optimization of the processing sequence in conditions of small-scale and single production.