IMPROVEMENT OF THE TECHNOLOGY OF PROCESSING THE FRICTION PAIR "BEARING INSERT – SHAFT NECK"
Abstract
The article analyzes the currently existing literary and patent sources aimed at improving the quality parameters of the surface layers of the bearing necks of the shafts of rotary machines due to the formation of surface coatings. The research was carried out on samples made of steel 45 and 40X. Metallographic studies of the grindings were carried out on the optical microscope "Neofot-2". The quality of the applied layer, its integrity, thickness and structure of the sublayer zones were evaluated. Microhardness was measured on a PMT-3 microhardness tester by indenting a diamond pyramid under a load of 0.05 N. Roughness was measured on a profilograph-profilometer mod. 201 of the "Kalibr" plant by taking and processing profilograms. Research of residual stresses was carried out on prismatic samples made of steel 45 and steel 40X, size 70×5×2 mm according to the method of I.A. Birger by means of layer-by-layer electropolishing of stressed layers on a "Peony" type installation. Fatigue strength tests were performed on a UP-50 machine based on 1×106 cycles. For this, natural samples were used. As a result of cementation by the method of electric spark alloying (CEIL) of steel samples, the thickness and integrity of the "white" layer increases with an increase in the discharge energy. The conducted metallographic analysis showed that the microstructures after CEIL consist of 3 zones: the upper "white" layer, the diffusion zone and the base metal. The results of durometric studies indicate that the maximum microhardness is determined on samples after CEIL, processed at the discharge energy Wр = 4.6 J and is 8492 MPa. With the subsequent EIL with soft antifriction metals (copper, silver, tin, indium), the roughness of the surface layer and its thickness increase with an increase in the discharge energy. After the next non-abrasive ultrasonic finishing treatment (BUFO), both the roughness of the surface layer and its thickness are reduced. Residual stresses that arise in the surface layers of parts after EIL with soft antifriction metals copper and silver and are negative tensile, become positive compressive after BUFO. The fatigue strength of coatings on steel 45, formed by EIL copper application with subsequent BUFO treatment, is 19% and 86% higher, respectively, than that of samples without coating and after EIL copper.
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