DEVELOPMENT OF A TECHNOLOGICAL HEAD FOR LASER CLADDING OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY
Abstract
Agricultural engineering traditionally occupies an important place in the structure of the engineering complex of Ukraine. Abroad, methods aimed at the development of technological approaches to solving the problem of the process of wearing the cutting edges of agricultural machinery tools have gained popularity, which consist in the laser cladding of additional layers of wear-resistant materials in the form of powder onto the working surfaces of discs made of carbon structural or low-alloy steels. The thickness of such additional layers depends on the size of the agricultural machinery tools themselves and can range from 100 microns to 1000 microns. To extend the service life of agricultural machinery tools, cladding is applied to the back side of the cutting edge, which allows you to keep the blade sharp for the entire service life of the knife, due to the self-sharpening effect. The complex geometry of the working part of agricultural machinery tools and their small thickness make it necessary to use automated modern technologies of laser powder cladding. The purpose of this work is the development and manufacture of technological equipment in the form of a technological head for laser cladding of agricultural machinery tools. The authors of the research analyzed existing modern developments of methods of cladding on thin-walled parts of agricultural machinery. A sketch project of the head for laser cladding, as the necessary technological equipment, has been developed. According to the developed sketch project, the cladding head is a set of modular, easily replaceable nodes connected to each other in a single structure using the scheme of coaxial gas-powder supply of powder material to the cladding zone. Unlike analogues, the developed head for laser cladding offers an original design of the nozzle nozzle, which should ensure not only a stable cladding process, but also protection of the molten bath and the cooling metal from interaction with the surrounding environment. A competitive high-tech product (head for laser cladding) was created, which in terms of its technical indicators is not inferior to foreign analogues, and in terms of cost indicators is several times cheaper than foreign analogues. It is also expected that as a result of the implementation of the planned works, technological recommendations and technological instructions for laser cladding of functional layers on thin-walled parts operating under mechanical wear conditions will be developed. A 30...50% increase in resource and durability of thin-walled tools for agricultural machinery is expected.
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