INFLUENCE OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES ON CARBOHYDRATE – LIPID METABOLISM IN THE BODY OF COWS DURING A PERIOD OF DROUGHT
Abstract
The conducted research made it possible to establish that the body weight of cows is accompanied by an active level of lipid metabolism. The total amount of lipids in the blood of animals was 1.12 times, 1.18 –1.22 times more in experimental animals. Triacylglyerides in the blood of experimental and control animals fluctuated slightly. Deposited energy was used less in the diets of cows with biologically active substances. NEVH in the blood of the cows of the experimental groups was 1.06, 1.20, and 1.21 times less than that of the control animals. The introduction of BAV into the diet of cows during the dry season had a positive effect on fat metabolism. Carbohydrate metabolism also underwent significant changes under supplementation conditions. The content of glucose in the blood of the cows of the experimental groups decreased by 1.03, 1.09 and 1.12 times (p<0.05). Fluctuation of lactate content (end of last menstrual period) in experimental cows was insignificant – 1.28-1.32%. The pyruvate content in the cows of the experimental groups indicates an increase in the efficiency of the use of polysaccharides. Its content decreased by 1.04 – 1.07 times in experimental animals, 3 and 4 groups. The energy pool of experimental cows underwent changes before the end of calving. Breathing in experimental cows was 3.57%, 5.36%, 5.36% more. In control animals, the respiratory volume of the lungs was 1.09, 1.12 times (p<0.01), and 1.22 times (p<0.01), less than that of experimental cows. This state of affairs is associated with a high level of metabolic processes in relation to lipids. It is important that lung surfactant is synthesized from fatty acids, increases the functional activity of the lungs and ensures a high level of lung ventilation. Aeration is primarily provided by breathing volume. In experimental animals, the respiratory volume of the lungs is 1.13, 1.18 (p<0.05) and 1.28 times (p<0.01) more than in control cows, which, in our opinion, affects formation of the surfactant system of the lungs. The probably larger respiratory volume of the lungs in the experimental cows increased the oxygen consumption, 1.072, by 1.13 and 1.18 times, and reduced the energy expenditure in these animals by 1.12, 1.13 and 1.17 times (p<0.05). Activation of lipid-carbohydrate metabolism in the body of cows with biologically active additives affects the supply of the fetus with building and energy material and contributes to the formation of functionally active calves. The pool of lipids in the blood of newborn calves obtained from the cows of the experimental groups is 1.03, 1.09 times higher than that of the control calves. In the calves of the experimental groups, the content of NEHK in the blood was 1.06, 1.09, and 1.08 times less. β-lipoproteins in the blood of control calves were 1.15 times, 1.18 times and 1.22 times less (p<0.05) than experimental animals.
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