MONITORING OF PATHOGENS ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE OF THE BACTERIAL INFECTIONS OF POULTRY
Abstract
Poultry breeding is one of the modern dynamic areas and a competitive type of agribusiness. The perspective and dynamism of this direction is determined by the high fertility and precociousness of the bird. China, France, Hungary and Germany are recognized as the leaders in poultry meat production in the world. This type of agribusiness is focused on the use of highly productive poultry crosses and modern breeding technologies. Epizootic welfare risks are very relevant due to the spread of antibiotic-resistant strains of bacterial pathogens. The problem associated with the irrational use of antibiotics. Resistance to antibiotics leads to a decrease in the effectiveness of therapeutic measures. The primary causes of this phenomenon are external factors that contribute to the genetic mutation of the bacterial cell, thereby suppressing the active ingredient of antibiotics, as well as irrational use of antibiotics in veterinary medicine. The article presents data on the spread of causative agents of duck bacteriosis in poultry farms in the northeastern part of Ukraine. From the samples, mainly an association of microorganisms (two and three isolates) from the Enterobacteriaceae family was isolated: E. coli, Salmonella enterica ser.Typhimurium, P.aeruginosa, Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., Proteus, Klebsiella, Citrobacter, Yersinia. The dominant share of isolates consisted of representatives of the genus Salmonella, namely S. Typhimurium – 41.14%. According to the results of the determination of isolated bacterial pathogens, a wide spectrum of antibacterial preparations is available. A high percentage of resistant isolates of E. coli, S. Typhimurium, P. aeruginosa, S. saprophyticus to a wide range of antibacterial drugs was established. The largest number of resistant isolates of E. coli was registered to cephalosporins (β-lactams) of the II and IV generations, carbopens. S. Typhimurium isolates had a high level of resistance to β-lactam antibacterial drugs: 76.9% to meropenem, 69.2% to ceftazidime, and 61.5% to cefotaxime. P.aeruginosa isolates were resistant to IV generation cephalosporins in 88.8%. The studied isolates were sensitive to antibacterial drugs of the group of aminoglycosides (≥ 90%) and fluoroquinolones (≥ 80%). In order to control bacterial diseases, the rational choice of therapeutic agents and the maximum effectiveness of their use based on determining the sensitivity of isolates to various pharmacological groups of antibacterial drugs were experimentally substantiated.
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