THE PROBLEM OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF TOXICANTS IN LIVESTOCK AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Keywords:
toxicants, heavy metals, pesticides, mycotoxins, isoniazid, ecosystem, animal poisoning, feed, beekeeping products
Abstract
Significant expansion of the scale of synthesis and application of various dangerous chemical compounds in agriculture causes daily dangerous effects on the body of insects, animals and, of course, humans. That is why there is a need to control the spread of chemical and biological toxicants in livestock and the environment. We analyzed the distribution of toxicants in livestock and the environment by chemical and toxicological analysis of feed, manure, blood, internal organs, stomach contents of animals killed by poisoning, as well as dead bees, soil, green mass and bee products. Modern research methods were used in the work. Heavy metals were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. Pesticides - by gas chromatography and liquid chromato-mass spectrometry. Mycotoxins - by high performance liquid chromatography, enzymelinked immunosorbent assay and thin layer chromatography. Isoniazid was examined in the stomach of dogs by liquid chromatography with a mass spectrometric detector. Analysis of heavy metals in the pathological material of dead animals showed that food poisoning of animals with arsenic is more common. In addition, a significant proportion of isoniazid poisoning of dogs has been reported. It has been established that beekeeping products are often contaminated with pesticides. It has been studied that maize is more often affected by micromycetes of the genus Aspergillus flavus and Fuzarium than other cereals. In the feed we most often found the following mycotoxins: deoxynivalenol, T-2 toxin and zearalenone, less often - aflatoxins. Thus, the toxic load on the ecosystem leads to disruption of food chain safety and reduced efficiency of livestock production. Contamination of food and honey plants with toxicants poses a threat not only to farm animals and beneficial insects, but also to consumers of livestock products. Therefore, at the national and international levels, effective control over the production and import of safe feed and food is very important.
References
1. Ardalani, H., Vidkjær, N. H., Kryger, P., Fiehn, O., & Fomsgaard, I. S. (2021). Metabolomics unveils the influence of dietary phytochemicals on residual pesticide concentrations in honey bees. Environment International, 152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2021.106503
2. Balali-Mood, M., Naseri, K., Tahergorabi, Z., Khazdair, M. R., & Sadeghi, M. (2021, April 13). Toxic Mechanisms of Five Heavy Metals: Mercury, Lead, Chromium, Cadmium, and Arsenic. Frontiers in Pharmacology. Frontiers Media S.A. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.643972
3. Battilani, P., Toscano, P., Van Der Fels-Klerx, H. J., Moretti, A., Camardo Leggieri, M., Brera, C., … Robinson, T. (2016). Aflatoxin B 1 contamination in maize in Europe increases due to climate change. Scientific Reports, 6. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep24328
4. Bayer, V., Bondarets, O.V., Dobrozhan, Yu.V., Liniichyuk, N.V., Stupak, O.M., Dereviaga, G.I., Shevchenko, L.V., Mykhalska, V.M. (2018). Diagnosis of isoniazid poisoning in dogs. Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 8(1).
5. Biancarosa, I., Sele, V., Belghit, I., Ørnsrud, R., Lock, E. J., & Amlund, H. (2019). Replacing fish meal with insect meal in the diet of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) does not impact the amount of contaminants in the feed and it lowers accumulation of arsenic in the fillet. Food Additives and Contaminants - Part A Chemistry, Analysis, Control, Exposure and Risk Assessment, 36(8), 1191–1205. https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2019.1619938
6. Chiaia-Hernandez, A. C., Keller, A., Wächter, D., Steinlin, C., Camenzuli, L., Hollender, J., & Krauss, M. (2017). Long-Term Persistence of Pesticides and TPs in Archived Agricultural Soil Samples and Comparison with Pesticide Application. Environmental Science and Technology, 51(18), 10642–10651. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b02529
7. Conte, G., Fontanelli, M., Galli, F., Cotrozzi, L., Pagni, L., & Pellegrini, E. (2020, August 1). Mycotoxins in feed and food and the role of ozone in their detoxification and degradation: An update. Toxins. MDPI AG. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins12080486
8. Dai, S. Y., Jones, B., Lee, K.-M., Li, W., Post, L., & Herrman, T. J. (2016). Heavy Metal Contamination of Animal Feed in Texas. Journal of Regulatory Science, 1, 21–32.
9. Desneux, N., Decourtye, A., & Delpuech, J. M. (2007). The sublethal effects of pesticides on beneficial arthropods. Annual Review of Entomology. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ento.52.110405.091440
10. El-Nahhal, Y. (2020, November 1). Pesticide residues in honey and their potential reproductive toxicity. Science of the Total Environment. Elsevier B.V. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139953
11. Frank, I., Lahav, D., Aroch, I. (2002). Myocardial necrosis and severe metabolic acidosis associated with isoniazid poisoning in a dog. Vet Rec., 151(21), 638–639.
12. Gruber-Dorninger, C., Jenkins, T., & Schatzmayr, G. (2019). Global mycotoxin occurrence in feed: A ten-year survey. Toxins, 11(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins11070375
13. Haburjak, J.J, Spangler, W.L. (2002). Isoniazid-induced seizures with secondary rhabdomyolysis and associated acute renal failure in a dog. J Sm Anim Pract, 43, 182–186.
14. Heard, M. S., Baas, J., Dorne, J. L., Lahive, E., Robinson, A. G., Rortais, A., … Hesketh, H. (2017). Comparative toxicity of pesticides and environmental contaminants in bees: Are honey bees a useful proxy for wild bee species? Science of the Total Environment, 578, 357–365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.180
15. Islam, E. ul, Yang, X. e., He, Z. li, & Mahmood, Q. (2007). Assessing potential dietary toxicity of heavy metals in selected vegetables and food crops. Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.2007.B0001
16. Johnson, R. M., Ellis, M. D., Mullin, C. A., & Frazier, M. (2010, May). Pesticides and honey bee toxicity – USA. Apidologie. https://doi.org/10.1051/apido/2010018
17. Kotsiumbas, H. I., & Vretsona, N. P. (2019). Morphofunctional changes in the heart and lung tissues of dogs for isoniazid poisoning. Ukrainian Journal of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, 2(2), 12–17. https://doi.org/10.32718/ujvas2-2.03
18. Mandal, P. (2017, March 1). An insight of environmental contamination of arsenic on animal health. Emerging Contaminants. KeAi Communications Co. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emcon.2017.01.004
19. Monastyrskij, O.A., Iskenderov, M.YA. (2016).Mikotoksiny – globalnaya problema bezopasnosti produktov pitaniya i kormov. Agrohimiya, 6, 67-71.
20. More, A. F., Spaulding, N. E., Bohleber, P., Handley, M. J., Hoffmann, H., Korotkikh, E. V., … Mayewski, P. A. (2017). Next-generation ice core technology reveals true minimum natural levels of lead (Pb) in the atmosphere: Insights from the Black Death. GeoHealth, 1(4), 211–219. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GH000064
21. Mulware, S. J. (2020). Toxicity of Heavy Metals, A. Subject in Review. International Journal of Recent Research in Physics and Chemical Sciences, 6(2), 30–43.
22. Nicholson, F. A., Chambers, B. J., Williams, J. R., & Unwin, R. J. (1999). Heavy metal contents of livestock feeds and animal manures in England and Wales. Bioresource Technology, 70(1), 23–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(99)00017-6
23. Paterson, R. R. M., & Lima, N. (2010). How will climate change affect mycotoxins in food? Food Research International, 43(7), 1902–1914. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2009.07.010
24. Pettis, J. S., Lichtenberg, E. M., Andree, M., Stitzinger, J., Rose, R., & vanEngelsdorp, D. (2013). Crop Pollination Exposes Honey Bees to Pesticides Which Alters Their Susceptibility to the Gut Pathogen Nosema ceranae. PLoS ONE, 8(7). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0070182
25. Selby, L. A., Case, A. A., Osweiler, G. D., & Hayes, H. M. (1977). Epidemiology and toxicology of arsenic poisoning in domestic animals. Environmental Health Perspectives, 19, 183–189. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.7719183
26. Socorro, J., Durand, A., Temime-Roussel, B., Gligorovski, S., Wortham, H., & Quivet, E. (2016). The persistence of pesticides in atmospheric particulate phase: An emerging air quality issue. Scientific Reports, 6. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep33456
27. Souza Tette, P. A., Guidi, L. R., De Abreu Glória, M. B., & Fernandes, C. (2016, March 1). Pesticides in honey: A review on chromatographic analytical methods. Talanta. Elsevier B.V. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2015.11.045
28. Todorovic T., Vujanovic D., Dozic I. (2008). Calcium and magnesium content in hard tissues of rats under condition of subchronic lead intoxication. Magnesium Research. 21(1), 43-50.
29. Wu, Q., Hu, W., Wang, H., Liu, P., Wang, X., & Huang, B. (2021). Spatial distribution, ecological risk and sources of heavy metals in soils from a typical economic development area, Southeastern China. Science of the Total Environment, 780. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146557
30. Yang, C., Song, G., & Lim, W. (2020, May 5). Effects of mycotoxin-contaminated feed on farm animals. Journal of Hazardous Materials. Elsevier B.V. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122087
31. Zhou, J., Du, B., Liu, H., Cui, H., Zhang, W., Fan, X., Zhou, J. (2020). The bioavailability and contribution of the newly deposited heavy metals (copper and lead) from atmosphere to rice (Oryza sativa L.). Journal of Hazardous Materials, 384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121285
32. Zhu, J., Wang, J., Ding, Y., Liu, B., & Xiao, W. (2018). A systems-level approach for investigating organophosphorus pesticide toxicity. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 149, 26–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.10.066
2. Balali-Mood, M., Naseri, K., Tahergorabi, Z., Khazdair, M. R., & Sadeghi, M. (2021, April 13). Toxic Mechanisms of Five Heavy Metals: Mercury, Lead, Chromium, Cadmium, and Arsenic. Frontiers in Pharmacology. Frontiers Media S.A. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.643972
3. Battilani, P., Toscano, P., Van Der Fels-Klerx, H. J., Moretti, A., Camardo Leggieri, M., Brera, C., … Robinson, T. (2016). Aflatoxin B 1 contamination in maize in Europe increases due to climate change. Scientific Reports, 6. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep24328
4. Bayer, V., Bondarets, O.V., Dobrozhan, Yu.V., Liniichyuk, N.V., Stupak, O.M., Dereviaga, G.I., Shevchenko, L.V., Mykhalska, V.M. (2018). Diagnosis of isoniazid poisoning in dogs. Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 8(1).
5. Biancarosa, I., Sele, V., Belghit, I., Ørnsrud, R., Lock, E. J., & Amlund, H. (2019). Replacing fish meal with insect meal in the diet of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) does not impact the amount of contaminants in the feed and it lowers accumulation of arsenic in the fillet. Food Additives and Contaminants - Part A Chemistry, Analysis, Control, Exposure and Risk Assessment, 36(8), 1191–1205. https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2019.1619938
6. Chiaia-Hernandez, A. C., Keller, A., Wächter, D., Steinlin, C., Camenzuli, L., Hollender, J., & Krauss, M. (2017). Long-Term Persistence of Pesticides and TPs in Archived Agricultural Soil Samples and Comparison with Pesticide Application. Environmental Science and Technology, 51(18), 10642–10651. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b02529
7. Conte, G., Fontanelli, M., Galli, F., Cotrozzi, L., Pagni, L., & Pellegrini, E. (2020, August 1). Mycotoxins in feed and food and the role of ozone in their detoxification and degradation: An update. Toxins. MDPI AG. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins12080486
8. Dai, S. Y., Jones, B., Lee, K.-M., Li, W., Post, L., & Herrman, T. J. (2016). Heavy Metal Contamination of Animal Feed in Texas. Journal of Regulatory Science, 1, 21–32.
9. Desneux, N., Decourtye, A., & Delpuech, J. M. (2007). The sublethal effects of pesticides on beneficial arthropods. Annual Review of Entomology. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ento.52.110405.091440
10. El-Nahhal, Y. (2020, November 1). Pesticide residues in honey and their potential reproductive toxicity. Science of the Total Environment. Elsevier B.V. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139953
11. Frank, I., Lahav, D., Aroch, I. (2002). Myocardial necrosis and severe metabolic acidosis associated with isoniazid poisoning in a dog. Vet Rec., 151(21), 638–639.
12. Gruber-Dorninger, C., Jenkins, T., & Schatzmayr, G. (2019). Global mycotoxin occurrence in feed: A ten-year survey. Toxins, 11(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins11070375
13. Haburjak, J.J, Spangler, W.L. (2002). Isoniazid-induced seizures with secondary rhabdomyolysis and associated acute renal failure in a dog. J Sm Anim Pract, 43, 182–186.
14. Heard, M. S., Baas, J., Dorne, J. L., Lahive, E., Robinson, A. G., Rortais, A., … Hesketh, H. (2017). Comparative toxicity of pesticides and environmental contaminants in bees: Are honey bees a useful proxy for wild bee species? Science of the Total Environment, 578, 357–365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.180
15. Islam, E. ul, Yang, X. e., He, Z. li, & Mahmood, Q. (2007). Assessing potential dietary toxicity of heavy metals in selected vegetables and food crops. Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.2007.B0001
16. Johnson, R. M., Ellis, M. D., Mullin, C. A., & Frazier, M. (2010, May). Pesticides and honey bee toxicity – USA. Apidologie. https://doi.org/10.1051/apido/2010018
17. Kotsiumbas, H. I., & Vretsona, N. P. (2019). Morphofunctional changes in the heart and lung tissues of dogs for isoniazid poisoning. Ukrainian Journal of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, 2(2), 12–17. https://doi.org/10.32718/ujvas2-2.03
18. Mandal, P. (2017, March 1). An insight of environmental contamination of arsenic on animal health. Emerging Contaminants. KeAi Communications Co. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emcon.2017.01.004
19. Monastyrskij, O.A., Iskenderov, M.YA. (2016).Mikotoksiny – globalnaya problema bezopasnosti produktov pitaniya i kormov. Agrohimiya, 6, 67-71.
20. More, A. F., Spaulding, N. E., Bohleber, P., Handley, M. J., Hoffmann, H., Korotkikh, E. V., … Mayewski, P. A. (2017). Next-generation ice core technology reveals true minimum natural levels of lead (Pb) in the atmosphere: Insights from the Black Death. GeoHealth, 1(4), 211–219. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GH000064
21. Mulware, S. J. (2020). Toxicity of Heavy Metals, A. Subject in Review. International Journal of Recent Research in Physics and Chemical Sciences, 6(2), 30–43.
22. Nicholson, F. A., Chambers, B. J., Williams, J. R., & Unwin, R. J. (1999). Heavy metal contents of livestock feeds and animal manures in England and Wales. Bioresource Technology, 70(1), 23–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(99)00017-6
23. Paterson, R. R. M., & Lima, N. (2010). How will climate change affect mycotoxins in food? Food Research International, 43(7), 1902–1914. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2009.07.010
24. Pettis, J. S., Lichtenberg, E. M., Andree, M., Stitzinger, J., Rose, R., & vanEngelsdorp, D. (2013). Crop Pollination Exposes Honey Bees to Pesticides Which Alters Their Susceptibility to the Gut Pathogen Nosema ceranae. PLoS ONE, 8(7). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0070182
25. Selby, L. A., Case, A. A., Osweiler, G. D., & Hayes, H. M. (1977). Epidemiology and toxicology of arsenic poisoning in domestic animals. Environmental Health Perspectives, 19, 183–189. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.7719183
26. Socorro, J., Durand, A., Temime-Roussel, B., Gligorovski, S., Wortham, H., & Quivet, E. (2016). The persistence of pesticides in atmospheric particulate phase: An emerging air quality issue. Scientific Reports, 6. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep33456
27. Souza Tette, P. A., Guidi, L. R., De Abreu Glória, M. B., & Fernandes, C. (2016, March 1). Pesticides in honey: A review on chromatographic analytical methods. Talanta. Elsevier B.V. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2015.11.045
28. Todorovic T., Vujanovic D., Dozic I. (2008). Calcium and magnesium content in hard tissues of rats under condition of subchronic lead intoxication. Magnesium Research. 21(1), 43-50.
29. Wu, Q., Hu, W., Wang, H., Liu, P., Wang, X., & Huang, B. (2021). Spatial distribution, ecological risk and sources of heavy metals in soils from a typical economic development area, Southeastern China. Science of the Total Environment, 780. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146557
30. Yang, C., Song, G., & Lim, W. (2020, May 5). Effects of mycotoxin-contaminated feed on farm animals. Journal of Hazardous Materials. Elsevier B.V. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122087
31. Zhou, J., Du, B., Liu, H., Cui, H., Zhang, W., Fan, X., Zhou, J. (2020). The bioavailability and contribution of the newly deposited heavy metals (copper and lead) from atmosphere to rice (Oryza sativa L.). Journal of Hazardous Materials, 384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121285
32. Zhu, J., Wang, J., Ding, Y., Liu, B., & Xiao, W. (2018). A systems-level approach for investigating organophosphorus pesticide toxicity. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 149, 26–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.10.066
Published
2021-11-29
How to Cite
Kobysh, A. I., Chechet, O. M., Shulyak, S. V., Omelchun, Y. A., Myagka, K. S., Marchenko, T. V., & Liniychuk, N. V. (2021). THE PROBLEM OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF TOXICANTS IN LIVESTOCK AND THE ENVIRONMENT. Bulletin of Sumy National Agrarian University. The Series: Veterinary Medicine, (3 (54), 17-25. https://doi.org/10.32845/bsnau.vet.2021.3.3
ISSN 
ISSN 
