INFLUENCE OF THE CONDITIONS OF EMBRYONIC GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT ON THE FORMATION OF SCAR FERMENTATION IN CALVES
Abstract
Peculiarities of digestion processes in ruminant foreskins are determined by the presence of symbiotic microflora and microfauna. More than 150 types of bacteria and about 60 types of protozoa provide the breakdown of feed components in the field of gastric animals. In the process of growth and development of the animal organism, processes of scar digestion are formed, which depend on a significant number of factors. Important in this regard are questions regarding the maturity of the organism at birth and its subsequent formation. We established that the formation of processes of scar digestion during the period of stabilization of the growth and development of the animal organism depend on the degree of its maturity at birth. In 6-month-old animals, the age of which is considered the period of stabilization of the functions of the digestive organs, ruminal fermentation had the following indicators. The total number of microorganisms in the contained rumen was found to be 1.07–1.02 times and 1.64–1.70 times higher in animals with a high level of embryonic connection (p<0.01). The number of Protozoa in the rumen of animals of the first group before and after feeding was 1.17–1.12 times greater than that of calves of the second group (p<0.05) and 1.98–1.81 times more than that of animals of the third group (p<0.001). The genus Entodinium in the rumen of animals of the first group is 51.68 %, in calves of the second group 59.53 % and in animals of the third group 54.09 % of the total number of Protozoa. The contractile activity of the rumen in the calves of the first group is 1.13–1.16 times more than in the calves of the second group and 1.24–1.18 times more than in the animals of the third group (p<0.05). The time of sediment formation is the least in animals of the third group, it was 1.38–1.44 times shorter than in calves of the first group (p<0.01). The activity of the scar microflora of the animals of the first group was 1.51–1.38 times (p<0.01) and 1.67–1.61 times less than that of the calves of the second and third groups. The activity of ciliates was probably more pronounced in calves of the second and third groups by 1.39–1.38 and 1.67–1.61 times (p<0.01).
References
2. Chase, C. (2021). Practical immunology and beef and dairy v protocols: starting from ground zero–what, when and how, in proceedings. Am. Assoc. Bov. Pract. Recent Graduate Conference; Р. 10–18.
3. Dinan, T. G., Stanton, C ., & Cryan, J. F. (2013). Psychobiotics: a novel class of psychotropic. Biol. Psychiatry. – Vol. 74, № 10. – P. 720–726. https://doi.org/biopsych.2013.05.001
4. Dinan, T. G., & Cryan, J. F. (2013). Melancholic microbes: a link between gut microbiota and depression. Neurogastroenterology. Motility. – Vol. 25, № 9. – P. 713–719. https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.12198
5. Gibson, G. R., & Liu, C. (2019). Dynamic alterations in yak rumen bacteria community and metabolome characteristics in response to feed type. Frontiers in Microbiology. – Vol. 10. – Art. 1116. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.01116
6. Glassner, K. L., & Abraham, B. P. (2020). Quigley The microbiome and inflammatory bowel disease. J. of Allergy a. Clinical Immunology. – Vol. 145, № 1. – P. 16–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2019.11.003
7. Kambur, M. D., Zamazii, A. A., & Kolechko, A. V., Ostapenko, S. V. (2018). Vplyv proteinovoho zabezpechennia tvaryn na rubtsevu fermentatsiiu ta produktyvnist.[Effect of animal protein supply on ruminal fermentation and performance]
Naukovo-praktychnyi zhurnal: Veterynariia, tekhnolohii tvarynnytstva ta pryrodokorystuvannia.– Vyp. № 1.– S. 108–109. [in Ukrainian].
8. Kambur, M. D., Zamazii, A. A., Kolechko, A. V. (2018). Rubtseva fermentatsiia ta rezystentnist orhanizmu teliat. [Cicatricial fermentation and resistance of the body of calves] Naukovo-tekhnichnyi biuleten NDTs biobezpeky ta ekolohichnoho kontroliu resursiv APK, T. 6. № 2. [in Ukrainian].
9. Kambur, M. D., Zamazii, A. A., Kolechko, A.V. (2017). Dynamika vmistu amiaku v rubtsi teliat.[Dynamics of ammonia content in the rumen of calves] Visnyk Poltavskoi derzhavnoi ahrarnoi akademii. – № 3. – S. 59 – 62. [in Ukrainian].
10. Liu, H. (2019). Effect of dietary concentrate to forage ratio on growth performance, rumen fermentation and bacterial diversity of Tibetan sheep under barn feeding on the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau. Peer J. – Vol. 7. – Art. 7462. https:// doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7462
11. Marin, I. A. (2017). Microbiota alteration is associated with the development of stress-induced despair behavior. Sci. Rep. – Vol. 7. – Art. 43859. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep43859
12. Pitta, D. W. (2016). Metagenomic analysis of the rumen microbiome of steers with wheat-induced frothy bloat. Frontiers in Microbiology. – Vol. 7. – Art. 689. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.00689
13. Pitta, D. W. (2016). Metagenomic assessment of the functional potential of the rumen microbiome in Holstein dairy cows. Anaerobe. – Vol. 38. – P. 50–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anaerobe.2015.12.003
14. Shreiner, A. B., Kao, J. Y., & Young, V. B. (2015). The gut microbiome in health and in disease. Current Opinion in Gastroenterology. – 2015. – Vol. 31, № 1. – P. 69–75. https://doi.org/10.1097/MOG.0000139
15. Trabi, E. В. (2019). Comparison of the rumen bacterial community, rumen fermentation and growth performance of fattening lambs fed lowgrain, pelleted or non-pelleted high grain total mixed ration. Animal Feed Science a. Technology. Vol. 253. P. 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.05.001
16. Yan, H., Baldridge, M. T., & King, K. Y. (2018). Hematopoiesis and the bacterial microbiome. Blood. Vol. 132, № 6. – P. 559 – 564. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-02-832519
17. Yan, H., Baldridge, M. T., & King, K. Y. (2018). Hematopoiesis and the bacterial microbiome. Blood. – Vol. 132, № 6. – P. 559–564. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-02-832519
18. Zheng, D., & Liwinski, T. (2020). Elinav Interaction between microbiota and immunity in health and disease. Cell Research. – Vol. 30, № 6. – P. 492–506. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41422-020-0332-7
19. Zitvogel, L. (2018). Cancer and the gut microbiota: an unexpected link. Science Translational Medicine. Vol. 7, № 271. – P. 271. https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.3010473
ISSN 
ISSN 
