CONFORMATION OF CARCASSES OF CROSSBRED BULLS AND ITS RELATION TO BEEF QUALITY TRAITS
Keywords:
carcass slaughter (weight), marbling of beef, fat watering, color of muscle and adipose tissue
Abstract
The EUROP system provides for the grading of cattle for meat sales based on the meatiness (conformation) of carcasses and the degree of subcutaneous fat development. This is of great importance for the development of the international, including in Ukraine, classification of carcasses obtained from animals of different productivity directions. The article presents the results of the evaluation of the correlation between slaughter, morphological and technological characteristics of carcasses and their conformation (meatiness) in Ukrainian Black-and-White and Holstein bulls, which is used in the EU and other countries. The relevance of the work was to determine the need to use carcass conformation as a criterion for evaluating the slaughter traits of bulls of these genotypes at the age of 20 to 22 months. The study was conducted on 26 carcasses of domestic animals in the farm «Zhuravushka», Brovary district, Kyiv region. Immediately after slaughter, the conformation of the carcasses and their fat coverage, color of muscle and adipose tissue, marbling of meat, and the area of the «muscle eye» were assessed according to international methods. It was found that the development of fat under the skin (r=0,565; P>0,99), marbling class (r=0,399; P>0,95), the amount of second-grade muscle tissue (r=0,566; P>0,99), bones (r=0,608; P>0,999) and tendons and ligaments (r=0,419; P>0,95) significantly correlates with the conformation of carcasses in animals. There is a tendency to an inverse relationship between the conformation of carcasses and the content of adipose tissue (r=-0,306), positive with the weight of animals after fasting (r=0,193), slaughter weight (r=0,213), thickness of fat-irrigation (r=0,344), color of muscle tissue (r=0,201), and muscle tissue content in the carcass (r=0,255). There is no correlation between the conformation (meatiness) of carcasses and the content of muscle tissue of the highest and first grades, the area of the «muscle eye». The conformation (meatiness) of the carcass can be used to predict the content of second-grade muscle tissue and bones, tendons and ligaments, as well as the marbling of beef and the development of fat.
References
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10. JMGA. Beef carcass grading standart. Japan meat grading association. – (2000). Tokyo, Japan. https://twinwoodcattle.com/sites/default/files/publications/2017-06/TWRA120_Japan_Beef_Carcass_Grading_Standard.pdf.
11. Jung, S., Nam, K. C., Lee, K. H., Kim, J. J., & Jo, C. (2013). Meat quality traits of Longissimus dorsi muscle from carcasses of Hanwoo steers at different yield grades. Food Science of Animal Resources, 33(3), 305 – 316. doi http://dx.do.org/10.5851/kosfa.2013.33.3.305.
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16. Kostusiak, P., Slósarz, J., Gołębiewski, M., Sakowski, T., & Puppel, K. (2023). Relationship between Beef Quality and Bull Breed. Animals, 13(16), 2603 – 2619. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13162603.
17. Kruk, O. P., & Uhnivenko A. M. (2024). Ploshcha «miazovoho vichka» m. longissimus dorsi buhaitsiv ukrainskoi chorno-riaboi molochnoi porody ta yii zviazok z yakisnymy oznakamy yalovychyny. [The area of the «muscle eye» m. longissimus dorsi of bulls of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed and its relationship with the quality traits of beef]. Tavriiskyi naukovyi visnyk, 135(2), 151 – 158. (in Ukrainian). doi https://doi.org/10.32782/2226-0099.2024.135.2.19.
18. Macedo, F. (2023). International beef evaluation for Carcass traits. Interbull Bulletin. 59 (26 – 27), 197 – 201.
19. Mehtiö, T., Pitkänen, T., Leino, A. M., Mäntysaari, E. A., Kempe, R., Negussie, E., & Lidauer, M. H. (2021). Genetic analyses of metabolic body weight, carcass weight and body conformation traits in Nordic dairy cattle. Animal, 15(12), 100398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.animal.2021.100398
20. Muizniece, I., & Kairisa, D. (2021). Slaughter Results, Meat Chemical Composition and pH of Aberdinangus, Hereford and Limousin bulls. Rural Sustainability Research, 46(341), 13 – 21. doi: https://doi.org/10.2478/plua-2021-0013.
21. Nakaz za № 290 vid 06 serpnia 2004 r. «Pro zatverdzhennia instruktsii z otsinky knuriv i svynomatok za yakistiu potomstva v umovakh spetsializovanykh kontrolno-vyprobuvalnykh stantsii». [«On approval of the instruction for evaluation of boars and sows for the quality of offspring in the conditions of specialized testing stations»]. (in Ukrainian). https://zakononline.com.ua/documents/show/250143___250208.
22. Nogalski, Z., Pogorzelska-Przybyłek, P., Sobczuk-Szul, M., & Purwin, C. (2019). The effect of carcase conformation and fat cover scores (EUROP system) on the quality of meat from young bulls. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 18(1), 1 – 6. doi:10.1080/1828051X.2018.1549513
23. Osadcha Yu.V. (2021). Matematychni metody v biolohii. [Mathematical methods in biology]. Kyiv: TsP «Komprynt» (in Ukrainian).
24. Ozdemir, V. F., Kocyigit, R., Yanar, M., Aydin, R., Diler, A., Palangi, V., & Lackner, M. (2024). An investigation of slaughter weight and muscle type effects on carcass fatty acid profiles and meat textural characteristics of young Holstein Friesian bulls. Heliyon, 1 – 14. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e2731
25. Pascoal, L. L., Lobato, J. F. P., Restle, J., Vaz, F. N., Vaz, R. Z., & Menezes, L. F. G. D. (2010). Beef cuts yield of steer carcasses graded according to conformation and weight. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 39, 1363 – 1371.
26. Pritchard, T. C., Wall, E., & Coffey, M. P. (2021). Genetic parameters for carcase measurements and age at slaughter in commercial cattle. Animal, Vol. 15(2), 100090 – 100097. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.animal.2020.100090.
27. Rutherford, N. H., Gordon, A. W., Arnott, G., & Lively, F. O. (2020). The effect of beef production system on the health, performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of Holstein Bulls. Animals, 10(10), 1922 – 1935. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10101922.
28. Santos, D., Monteiro, M. J., Voss, H. P., Komora, N., Teixeira, P., & Pintado, M. (2021). The most important attributes of beef sensory quality and production variables that can affect it: A review. Livestock Science, 250, 104573. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104573.
29. Ugnivenko, A., Kos, N., Nosevych, D., Mushtruk, M., Slobodyanyuk, N., Zasukha, Y., Otchenashko, V., Chumachenko, I., Gryshchenko, S., & Snizhko, O. (2022). The yield of adipose tissue and by-products in the course of the slaughter of inbred and outbred bulls of the Ukrainian beef breed. Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences, 16, 307 – 319. https://doi.org/10.5219/1758
30. Ugnivenko, A., Kruk, O., Nosevych, D., Antoniuk, T., Kryzhova, Y., Gruntovskyi, M., Prokopenko, N., Yemtcev, V., Kharsika, I., & Nesterenko, N. (2023). The expressiveness of meat forms of cattle depending on the content of adipose tissue under the skin and between the muscles. Рotravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences, 17, 997 – 1008. doi: 10.5219/1869.
31. Ugnivenko, A., Nosevych, D., Antoniuk, T., Chumachenko, I., Ivaniuta, A., Slobodyanyuk, N., Kryzhova, Y., Rozbytska, T., Gruntovskyi, M., & Marchyshyna, Y. (2022а). Manifestation of living and post-slaughter traits of productivity in inbred and outbred bull calves of Ukrainian meat cattle breed. Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences, 16, 356 – 366. https://doi.org/10.5219/1769.
2. Bonny, S. P. F., Pethick, D. W., Legrand, I., Wierzbicki, J., Allen, P., Farmer, L. J., Polkinghorne, R.J., Hocquette, J.-F., & Gardner, G. E. (2016). European conformation and fat scores have no relationship with eating quality. Animal, 10(6), 996 – 1006. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731115002839
3. Cantarero-Aparicio, M. Á., Angón, E., González-Esquivel, C., Peña, F., Caballero-Villalobos, J., Ryan, E. G., & Perea, J. M. (2024). Carcass and Meat Quality Traits in Female Lidia Cattle Slaughtered at Different Ages. Animals, 14(6), 850 – 864. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14060850.
4. Commission Regulation (EC). 2008. Commission Regulation (EC) No 1249/2008 of 10 December 2008 laying down detailed rules on the implementation of the Community scales for the classification of beef, pig and sheep carcasses and the reporting of prices thereof https://publications.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/9716803a-8887-4956-9877-629031ec7723/language-en 23.11.2018.
5. da Silva Rodrigues Mendes, N., Rodrigues Silva, R., Ferreira de Oliveira, T., Ellies-Oury, M. P., Hocquette, J. F., & Chriki, S. (2023). Does transport stress have any effect on carcass quality of Nellore cattle (Bos taurus indicus) in Brazil?–A Case Study1. Translational Animal Science, 8, 1 – 11. https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txad134.
6. Eriksson, S., Ask-Gullstrand, P., Fikse, W. F., Jonsson, E., Eriksson, J. Å., Stålhammar, H., Wallenbeck, А., & Hessle, A. (2020). Different beef breed sires used for crossbreeding with Swedish dairy cows-effects on calving performance and carcass traits. Livestock Science, 232, 103902 – 103910. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2019.103902.
7. Heggli, A., Alvseike, O., Bjerke, F., Gangsei, L. E., Kongsro, J., Røe, M., & Vinje, H. (2023). Carcase grading reflects the variation in beef yield–a multivariate method for exploring the relationship between beef yield and carcase traits. Animal, 17(6), 100854 – 100863. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.animal.2023.100854.
8. Janiszewski, P., Borzuta, K., Lisiak, D., Grześkowiak, E., & Powałowski, K. (2018). Meat quality of beef from young bull carcases varying in conformation or fatness according to the EUROP classification system. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 17(2), 289 – 293. https://doi.org/10.1080/1828051X.2017.1398054
9. János, T., Natasa, F., Salah, K. A., & Márton, S. (2023). Selection possibilities for frame size in Limousin and blonde d’Aquitaine candidate bulls. Natural Resources and Sustainable Development, 13(1), 49 – 60. doi: 10.31924/nrsd.v13i1.117.
10. JMGA. Beef carcass grading standart. Japan meat grading association. – (2000). Tokyo, Japan. https://twinwoodcattle.com/sites/default/files/publications/2017-06/TWRA120_Japan_Beef_Carcass_Grading_Standard.pdf.
11. Jung, S., Nam, K. C., Lee, K. H., Kim, J. J., & Jo, C. (2013). Meat quality traits of Longissimus dorsi muscle from carcasses of Hanwoo steers at different yield grades. Food Science of Animal Resources, 33(3), 305 – 316. doi http://dx.do.org/10.5851/kosfa.2013.33.3.305.
12. Kause, A., Mikkola, L., Strandén, I., & Sirkko, K. (2015). Genetic parameters for carcass weight, conformation and fat in five beef cattle breeds. Animal, 9(1), 35 – 42. doi:10.1017/S1751731114001992
13. Keele, J. W., Foraker, B. A., Boldt, R., Kemp, C., Kuehn, L. A., & Woerner, D. R. (2024). Genetic parameters for carcass traits of progeny of beef bulls mated to dairy cows. Journal of Animal Science, https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae075.
14. Kelava Ugarković, N., Kućar, J., Prpić, Z., Ivanković, A., & Konjačić, M. (2024). The rib-eye area in cattle determined by different methods. Conference: 59th Croatian & 19th International Symposium on Agriculture. 11 – 16. doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.17095.88486.
15. Klymenko, M. M., Vinnikova, L. H., Bereza, I. H., Honcharov, H. I., Pasichnyi, V. M., Bal-Prylypko, L. V., Kyshenko, I. I., Busha O. O., & Tkachenko, K. D. (2006). Tekhnolohiia miasa ta miasnykh produktiv. [Technology of meat and meat products]. Kyiv: «Vyshcha osvita» (in Ukrainian).
16. Kostusiak, P., Slósarz, J., Gołębiewski, M., Sakowski, T., & Puppel, K. (2023). Relationship between Beef Quality and Bull Breed. Animals, 13(16), 2603 – 2619. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13162603.
17. Kruk, O. P., & Uhnivenko A. M. (2024). Ploshcha «miazovoho vichka» m. longissimus dorsi buhaitsiv ukrainskoi chorno-riaboi molochnoi porody ta yii zviazok z yakisnymy oznakamy yalovychyny. [The area of the «muscle eye» m. longissimus dorsi of bulls of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed and its relationship with the quality traits of beef]. Tavriiskyi naukovyi visnyk, 135(2), 151 – 158. (in Ukrainian). doi https://doi.org/10.32782/2226-0099.2024.135.2.19.
18. Macedo, F. (2023). International beef evaluation for Carcass traits. Interbull Bulletin. 59 (26 – 27), 197 – 201.
19. Mehtiö, T., Pitkänen, T., Leino, A. M., Mäntysaari, E. A., Kempe, R., Negussie, E., & Lidauer, M. H. (2021). Genetic analyses of metabolic body weight, carcass weight and body conformation traits in Nordic dairy cattle. Animal, 15(12), 100398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.animal.2021.100398
20. Muizniece, I., & Kairisa, D. (2021). Slaughter Results, Meat Chemical Composition and pH of Aberdinangus, Hereford and Limousin bulls. Rural Sustainability Research, 46(341), 13 – 21. doi: https://doi.org/10.2478/plua-2021-0013.
21. Nakaz za № 290 vid 06 serpnia 2004 r. «Pro zatverdzhennia instruktsii z otsinky knuriv i svynomatok za yakistiu potomstva v umovakh spetsializovanykh kontrolno-vyprobuvalnykh stantsii». [«On approval of the instruction for evaluation of boars and sows for the quality of offspring in the conditions of specialized testing stations»]. (in Ukrainian). https://zakononline.com.ua/documents/show/250143___250208.
22. Nogalski, Z., Pogorzelska-Przybyłek, P., Sobczuk-Szul, M., & Purwin, C. (2019). The effect of carcase conformation and fat cover scores (EUROP system) on the quality of meat from young bulls. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 18(1), 1 – 6. doi:10.1080/1828051X.2018.1549513
23. Osadcha Yu.V. (2021). Matematychni metody v biolohii. [Mathematical methods in biology]. Kyiv: TsP «Komprynt» (in Ukrainian).
24. Ozdemir, V. F., Kocyigit, R., Yanar, M., Aydin, R., Diler, A., Palangi, V., & Lackner, M. (2024). An investigation of slaughter weight and muscle type effects on carcass fatty acid profiles and meat textural characteristics of young Holstein Friesian bulls. Heliyon, 1 – 14. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e2731
25. Pascoal, L. L., Lobato, J. F. P., Restle, J., Vaz, F. N., Vaz, R. Z., & Menezes, L. F. G. D. (2010). Beef cuts yield of steer carcasses graded according to conformation and weight. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 39, 1363 – 1371.
26. Pritchard, T. C., Wall, E., & Coffey, M. P. (2021). Genetic parameters for carcase measurements and age at slaughter in commercial cattle. Animal, Vol. 15(2), 100090 – 100097. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.animal.2020.100090.
27. Rutherford, N. H., Gordon, A. W., Arnott, G., & Lively, F. O. (2020). The effect of beef production system on the health, performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of Holstein Bulls. Animals, 10(10), 1922 – 1935. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10101922.
28. Santos, D., Monteiro, M. J., Voss, H. P., Komora, N., Teixeira, P., & Pintado, M. (2021). The most important attributes of beef sensory quality and production variables that can affect it: A review. Livestock Science, 250, 104573. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104573.
29. Ugnivenko, A., Kos, N., Nosevych, D., Mushtruk, M., Slobodyanyuk, N., Zasukha, Y., Otchenashko, V., Chumachenko, I., Gryshchenko, S., & Snizhko, O. (2022). The yield of adipose tissue and by-products in the course of the slaughter of inbred and outbred bulls of the Ukrainian beef breed. Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences, 16, 307 – 319. https://doi.org/10.5219/1758
30. Ugnivenko, A., Kruk, O., Nosevych, D., Antoniuk, T., Kryzhova, Y., Gruntovskyi, M., Prokopenko, N., Yemtcev, V., Kharsika, I., & Nesterenko, N. (2023). The expressiveness of meat forms of cattle depending on the content of adipose tissue under the skin and between the muscles. Рotravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences, 17, 997 – 1008. doi: 10.5219/1869.
31. Ugnivenko, A., Nosevych, D., Antoniuk, T., Chumachenko, I., Ivaniuta, A., Slobodyanyuk, N., Kryzhova, Y., Rozbytska, T., Gruntovskyi, M., & Marchyshyna, Y. (2022а). Manifestation of living and post-slaughter traits of productivity in inbred and outbred bull calves of Ukrainian meat cattle breed. Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences, 16, 356 – 366. https://doi.org/10.5219/1769.
Published
2024-07-23
How to Cite
Kruk, O. P., & Ugnivenko, A. M. (2024). CONFORMATION OF CARCASSES OF CROSSBRED BULLS AND ITS RELATION TO BEEF QUALITY TRAITS. Bulletin of Sumy National Agrarian University. The Series: Livestock, (2), 76-82. https://doi.org/10.32782/bsnau.lvst.2024.2.11
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Articles
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