OPTIMIZATION OF COW FEEDING BY USING ECOVET MINERAL-VITAMIN PREMIX

Abstract

The article presents the results of the study of the effect of feeding mineral-vitamin premix "Ekovet" on milk productivity and milk quality of cows. The purpose of the research was to determine the effectiveness of the use and influence of the "Ekovet" premix on the parameters of milk productivity, milk quality and reproductive capacity of cows of the Ukrainian black-spotted dairy breed. The subject of research is milk yield, fat and protein content, milk density, feed consumption per 1 kg of milk, reproductive functions of cows. Research methods: zootechnical (conducting experiments on animals in farm conditions), statistical (biometric processing of digital data), analytical (literature review and generalization of research). Covering the deficiency of phosphorus, manganese, copper, zinc, iodine, cobalt, vitamin D, and selenium with the introduction of the Ekovet premix into the diet contributed to an increase in the average daily milk yield of natural fat by 1.5 kg or 5.9%, and an increase in the mass fraction of fat and protein in milk by 0.05 and 0.07%. In terms of 4.0% milk, the cows of the experimental group surpassed their counterparts from the control group in gross milk yield by 153.1 kg, and in average daily milk yield by 1.71 kg, which is 7.4% relative to the control. The use of "Ekovet" mineral-vitamin premix in the rations of cows ensured a decrease in feed costs per 1 kg of milk: in IVF – by 5.15%, in digestible protein – by 5.4%. Enrichment of cows' rations with a mineral-vitamin premix contributed to an increase in calcium, phosphorus, and lactose in milk. With the use of the "Ekovet" premix, the duration of the service period and the inter-housing period decreased by 8 days, the insemination index – by 10.3%. It was established that the level of milk productivity of cows increased by 1.6 kg or 8.6% when using the premix. At the same time, the service period of the cows of the experimental group was shorter by 9 days and amounted to 82 days compared to the control value of 91 days. An increase in the productivity of cows was accompanied by a decrease in feed costs per 1 kg of milk by 0.09 energy feed units. In order to increase the milk productivity of cows, increase the profitability of milk production, and reduce feed costs, we recommend introducing into the diet mineral-vitamin premix "Ekovet" in the amount of 40 g per 1 head per day.