DYNAMICS OF CHANGES IN LIVE WEIGHT, FEED CONSUMPTION AND EFFICIENCY OF BREEDING OF SURGICALLY AND IMMUNOLOGICALLY CASTRATED MALE PIGS
Keywords:
male pigs, surgical castration, immunocastration, growth intensity, feed costs, cost price
Abstract
The purpose of the research was to establish the dependence of the intensity of growth of male pigs and to investigate the economic effect of the use of surgical and immune castration methods in the conditions of an industrial pig complex and to evaluate the economic efficiency of pork production using different methods of castration. It was found that during the weaning period, the difference between surgically and immunologically castrated male pigs in the intensity of growth was less than one percent, while in the growing period it increased to 3.8%, and in the first period of fattening it increased to 6.6%, while in its final phase, it decreased to 4.2%. In terms of absolute gains, it was 0.04 kg in the weaning period, 1.2 kg in the growing period, 2.5 kg in the first fattening period, and 2.4 kg in its final phase. According to the average live weight at the beginning and at the end of the suckling period, the difference was unchanged and amounted to only 0.8%, while at the end of the growing period it reached 4.3%, at the end of the first fattening period it was 5.6%, and at the end of the last during that period was 4.9%. It has been proven that when immunocastration of boars was carried out compared to surgical castration under dry feeding, the average daily growth rate increased by 5.21% and fattening by 10.11%, the absolute growth rate by 18.46% and fattening by 5.30%, increase in live weight of animals at the end of fattening by 7.40%, improvement of feed conversion in rearing by 1.48%, in fattening by 4.33% and by 5.04% from birth to slaughter. At the same time, immunocastrated male pigs consumed 2.54% more feed during their lifetime, the cost of which was 5.07% higher compared to surgical castrates, and taking into account the cost of vaccination by 8.84%. While the cost of feed and vaccine per 1 kg of gain was only 1.27% higher in immunocastrated animals compared to surgically castrated counterparts.
References
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17. Fredriksen, B., Font, I.F.M., Lundstrom, K., Migdal, W., Prunier, A., Tuyttens, F.A., Bonneau, M. (2009). Practice on castration of piglets in Europe. Animal, 3, 1480–1487. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1751731109004674
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20. Koknaroglu, H., Akunal, T. (2013). Animal welfare: An animal science approach. Meat Science, 95, 821–827. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0309174013001526
21. Kuberka, L., Cozzens, T., Mezoughem, C. (2024). Livestock and Poultry: World Markets and Trade. [Elektronnyi resurs] Rezhym dostupu: https://apps.fas.usda.gov/psdonline/circulars/livestock_poultry.pdf (data zvernennia 02.07.2024)
22. Lundström, K., Matthews, K.R., Haugen, J.-E. (2009). Pig meat quality from entire males. Animal, 3, 1497–1507. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1751731109990693
23. McCauley, I.M., Watt, D., Suster, D., Kerton, J., Oliver, W.T., Harrell, R.J., Dunshea, F.R. (2003). A GnRF vaccine (Improvac) and porcine somatotropin (Reporcin) have synergistic effects upon growth performance in both boars and gilts. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 54, 11–20. https://doi.org/10.1071/AR02037
24. McGlone, J.J. (2013). The Future of Pork Production in the World: Towards Sustainable, Welfare–Positive Systems. Animals (Basel), 3, 401–415. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani3020401
25. Millet, S., Gielkens, K., De Brabander, D., Janssens, G.P.J. (2011). Considerations on the performance of immunocastrated male pigs. Animal, 5, 1119–1123. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731111000140
26. Morales, J.I., Serrano, M.P., Camara, L., Berrocoso, J.D., Lopez, J.P., Mateos, G.G. (2013). Growth performance and carcass quality of immunocastrated and surgically castrated pigs from crossbreds from Duroc and Pietrain sires. Journal of Animal Science, 91, 3955–3964. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2012–6068
27. Muniz, H.C.M., De Lima, E.S., Schneider, L.I., Klein, D.R., Da Rocha, L.T., Nörnberg, J.L., De Quadros, A.R.B., De Oliveira, V. (2021). Carcass characteristics and meat quality of male pigs submitted to surgical or immunological castration. Animal Science, An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc., 93 (4). https://doi.org/10.1590/0001–3765202120200130
28. Mykhalko, O., Povod, M., Sokolenko, V., Verbelchuk, S., Shuplyk, V., Shcherbatiuk, N., Melnyk, V., Zasukha, L. (2022). The influence of the castration method on meat cuts indicators of pig carcasses. Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development", 22 (3), 451–458. https://managementjournal.usamv.ro/pdf/vol.22_3/Art48.pdf
29. Niemi, J.K., Ollila, A., Voutila, L., Valros, A., Oliviero, C., Heinonen, M., Peltoniemi, O. (2015). Economic aspects of immunocastration in the pigs. Animal Production, Animal Welfare and Protection of Animal Health. 25th Congress. Nordic view to sustainable rural development, June 16–18, 339–340. https://llufb.llu.lv/conference/NJF/NJF_2015_Proceedings_Latvia–339–340.pdf
30. Oskam, I.C., Lervik, S., Tajet, H., Dahl, E., Ropstad, E., Andresen, Ø. (2010). Differences in testosterone, androstenone, and skatole levels in plasma and fat between pubertal purebred Duroc and Landrace boars in response to human chorionic gonadotrophin stimulation. Theriogenology, 74, 1088–1098. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20580070/
31. Pérez-Ciria, L., Miana-Mena, F.J., Álvarez-Rodríguez, J., Latorre, M.A. (2022). Effect of Castration Type and Diet on Growth Performance, Serum Sex Hormones and Metabolites, and Carcass Quality of Heavy Male Pigs. Animals, 12, 1004. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12081004
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Published
2024-10-08
How to Cite
Zhdanov, D. V., & Shpetnyi, M. B. (2024). DYNAMICS OF CHANGES IN LIVE WEIGHT, FEED CONSUMPTION AND EFFICIENCY OF BREEDING OF SURGICALLY AND IMMUNOLOGICALLY CASTRATED MALE PIGS. Bulletin of Sumy National Agrarian University. The Series: Livestock, (3), 30-38. https://doi.org/10.32782/bsnau.lvst.2024.3.4
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Articles
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