PECULIARITIES OF MORPHOLOGICAL LOCATORS OF VIM IN CORIVA-PRISTOCKS OF BROWN PORDS
Abstract
In recent years, considerable attention has been paid to improving the quality indicators of livestock products in dairy farming. This primarily concerns dairy products. The prospect of joining the EU and increasing exports to these countries require domestic producers to adopt their standards. Livestock udders are of great importance for obtaining such products. Therefore, we studied the morphological indicators of the udder of brown breeds in the conditions of the "Mayak" TDV of the Sumy district. This is one of the profile farms for breeding swan and brown dairy breeds. Animals of the brown dairy breed probably exceeded the counterparts of the Swan breed in terms of udder girth by 11.1 cm (11.3%, Р>0.999). The shortest udder length was also observed in first-born cows of the Swan breed – 32.4 cm, with an advantage of brown dairy cows by 2.4 cm (Р>0.99). In terms of udder width, the first-born cows of the brown dairy breed also outnumbered the counterparts of the Swan breed. The average diameter of the udders of experimental first-born cows of brown breeds was in the range of 2.31 – 2.68 cm. The existing milking equipment can provide milking of cows with an udder diameter in the upper part of up to 30 mm. The distance between the front udders in experimental animals ranged from 13.5 to 14.2 cm. At the same time, a distance of 10 to 20 cm is desirable. The distance between the rear udders is 51.1 – 55.6% of the distance between the front udders. So, udder girth 0.8 – 15.7%, length 1.1%, width – 0.6%, front lobe depth – 3.2 – 13.7%, front teat length – 6.4 – 11.0%, with a front teat diameter of 4.4 – 33.3% of first-born brown cows of individual browns do not meet the minimum requirements for machine milking. The main method that is most often used in the improvement of dairy and combined breeds of livestock is purebred breeding. It is based on the laws of heredity and variability of the main economically useful traits, thanks to which dairy cattle are bred. In the selection work to improve the morphological features of the udder, it is positive that there are positive correlations between most of the features. We established a relationship between the udder girth (r = +0.415 – +0.425), the depth of the front part of the udder (r = +0.279 – +0.354), the distance between the front teats (r = +0.233 – +0.328), the distance from the slope to of the front edge of the udder (r= +0.335 – +0.346) and single milking with medium degrees of probability (Р>0.95, Р>0.99) depending on breed characteristics.
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