ADAPTIVE CAPABILITIES OF HOLSTEIN COWS OF INTRODUCED ORIGIN AND THEIR OWN REPRODUCTION
Abstract
In Ukrainian farms, it is constantly practiced to import livestock of Holstein animals of foreign selection, which motivates the expediency of studying their adaptability. The signs that characterize the milk productivity of cows of different genotypes were studied within two selection groups of the Holstein breed of Canadian selection – introduced and cows of their own generations. The assessment of Holsteins of Canadian breeding showed that their milk productivity is sufficient in new ecological, technological and feed conditions. Data from prim parous cows showed that they produced an average of 6,377 kg of milk, with a high fat (3.92%) and total fat (250.0 kg) content. Holstein cows gained weight during the first three lactations with a significant increase in the second compared to the first by 574 kg (Р<0.001) and in the third by 848 kg (Р<0.001). Starting from the fourth lactation (6.798 kg), the average milk yield of Canadian Holsteins began to decrease slightly, stabilizing at the same level from the fifth to the seventh with an average milk yield for the last one of 5.487 kg. Canadian Holsteins' hope for better lactation was 7557 kg. The fat content of the milk of first-born cows with variability in the total proportion of fat was 3.82-3.94%, and the yield of fat was 211.8–284.7 kg. The analysis of the selection situation based on the evaluation of the available stock of cows of own reproduction proved not only the preservation, but also the increase of milk productivity by them, surpassing similar characteristics of Holsteins brought to the farm from Canada. The first-born cows of their own reproduction were better than the introduced Holstein cows of the same age for milk yield with a difference of 280 kg (Р<0.01), and for higher lactation – by 432 kg (Р<0.01). According to the fat content, a narrowing of the phenotypic variability was observed in animals of own reproduction, which was within the limits of 3.81–3.84%. According to the level of coefficients of variation of the hopes of cows of their own reproduction according to the general information base, it depended on the year of calving, especially the first, by 14.3–44.2%. Almost at the same level, the variability of the coefficients of total milk fat yield (11.2–47.7%) in the general phenotypic variability of this trait indicates a significant influence of the year of calving. The fat content according to the obtained coefficients (7.6–21.4%) depended to a lesser extent on the influence of the year of calving. The introduced Holstein breed from Canada in new technological and ecological-feed conditions was characterized by high adaptive capacity, which is confirmed by the indicators of milk productivity of both the imported livestock and animals of their own reproduction.
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