STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE CSN3 GENE GENOTYPE ON THE QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF COW MILK
Abstract
Recently, scientists have emphasized the promising direction of using marker-associated selection measures in practical breeding work. In their opinion, this allows for the selection of animals based on their genotype. One of the important factors in the use of marker-associated selection in dairy cattle breeding is considered to be a significant acceleration of the selection effect. Scientific research on the influence of the kappa-casein gene (CSN3) on the indicators of milk productivity of cows of the Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed was carried out on the basis of a breeding plant for breeding animals of this breed. The breeding plant belongs to the State Enterprise "Research Farm of the Institute of Agriculture of the North-East of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine", located in the Sumy district of the Sumy region. The polymorphism of the kappa-casein gene was studied in the genetic laboratory of the Institute of Physiology named after. Bogomolets NAS using molecular biological analysis of allele recognition by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) according to generally accepted methods. Milk productivity was assessed by monthly control milkings with milk sampling. A counter – indicator IU-1 was used to sample milk. The content of milk components was determined in the laboratory of the Institute of Animal Husbandry of the NAAS by infrared photometry using equipment from Bentley Instruments Corporation (USA). Among the studied animals, animals of three genotypes were identified: AA, AB, BB. Depending on the genotype according to the studied gene, there is a differentiation in the content of the main components of milk in favor of animals with the homozygous BB genotype. Both first-born and full-term animals with the homozygous BB genotype had a higher fat and protein content in milk. A statistically significant difference was established between them and animals with other genotypes (AA and AB). Accordingly, animals with the BB genotype also had an advantage in terms of dry matter content. There is no effect of genotype on the physical parameters of milk.
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