Current state and development trends of domestic pig breeding
Abstract
Pig farming is an important branch of the national economy, which provides the population with food, processing industry - raw materials, as well as contributes to the creation of the necessary state reserves of livestock products, intensive use of land resources. However, the actual state of the industry today does not correspond to its potential and requires additional attention from the state, practitioners, scientists. Thus, the aim of the research was to assess the current state and identify trends in the development of domestic pig farming as a strategically important industry in the overall structure of agricultural production in Ukraine. The number of pigs in Ukraine from 2009 to 2020 varied in different ways, the main reasons for the significant reduction in the number of pigs in the country include: the disparity in prices for agricultural and industrial products; rising feed prices; the inability of most domestic producers to use the latest technologies for keeping and fattening pigs; liquidation of specialized pig farms (up to 300 sows); saturation of the domestic market with raw materials of foreign production; reduction of state support; complications of the epizootological situation (ASF); difficult economic situation of ordinary Ukrainians. During the analyzed years, the least pork was produced in 2020, where the main cause of this phenomenon was adverse weather conditions, global and national economic crisis caused by the mass pandemic of the coronavirus COVID-19. This indicator shows that more than 70% of pork in Ukraine is produced extensively, in at the same time the number of pigs in the EU, Canada, Brazil, USA will be produced, and 70% more pork is produced. At the present stage in Ukraine the task is to radically revive the pig industry and transfer it to industrial technology, as well as to ensure that it can provide cheap, high quality and competitive products. To do this, our country has the necessary breeding gene pool and breeding base of pigs, has fertile land to form an appropriate feed base, as well as a highly qualified potential of scientists and producers for the rational management of the pig industry. Prospects for the development of the pig industry are: increasing the number of pigs in all categories of farms to 11,678.9 thousand; reducing feed conversion to 2.5-3.2 kg, reducing the age of slaughter of animals to 165-170 days; receiving from the sow for the year 25-28 «business» piglets; preservation of local domestic breeds.
References
2. Analiz i prohnoz koniunktury svitovykh rynkiv produktsii tvarynnytstva [Analysis and forecast of world livestock markets] / [Shpychak, O. M., Lupenko, Y. O., Prysiazhniuk, M. V. at al]; za red. O. M. Shpychaka. K. : NNC «IAE», 2012. 250 p.
3. Analiz potochnoi koniunktury i prohnoz rynkiv tvarynnytskoi produktsii v Ukraini ta sviti : monohrafiia [Analysis of the current situation and forecast of livestock markets in Ukraine and the world: monograph] / Shpychak, O.M. at al. K. : NNС «IAE», 2015. 392 р. (in Ukrainian).
4. Babenko M. Svynarstvo 2021 – prohraty ne mozhna vyhraty [Pig breeding 2021 - you can't win to lose]. [Elektronnyi resurs]. – Rezhym dostupu: https://agronews.ua/news/stalo-vidomo-chomu-ukrainski-svynari-prohraiut-na-svitovomu-rynku/
5. Balansy ta spozhyvannia osnovnykh produktiv kharchuvannia naselenniam Ukrainy: stat. zb. [Balances and consumption of basic foodstuffs by the population of Ukraine: statistical collection] / za red. O. M. Prokopenko. Derzhavna sluzhba statystyky Ukrainy. K., 2018. 59 p.
6. Bondarska O. Hlobalnyi rynok svynyny [Global pork market]. Prybutkove svynarstvo. 2015. №4(28). P. 26-30.
7. Bryk M. M. Suchasnyi stan ta perspektyvy rozvytku haluzi tvarynnytstva v Ukraini. Ekonomichnyi analiz, [S.l.], v. 28, n. 4, p. 331-337, hru. 2018. ISSN 2219-4649 [Current state and prospects of livestock development in Ukraine. Economic analysis]. [Elektronnyi resurs]. – Rezhym dostupu: https://www.econa.org.ua/index.php/econa/article/view/1649/6565656727. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/econa2018.04.331.
8. Vyklyky ta perspektyvy dlia svynarstva [Challenges and prospects for pig breeding]. [Elektronnyi resurs]. – Rezhym dostupu: https://kurkul.com/spetsproekty/479-vikliki-ta-perspektivi-dlya-svinarstva-reportaj-iz-forumu-svinoferma-maybutnogo.
9. Hnatiuk S. A. Rezultaty i perspektyvy roboty hospodarstv korporatsii «Tvarynprom» [Results and prospects of work of farms of corporation «Tvarinprom»]. Visnyk ahrarnoi nauky Prychornomoria. Mykolaiv, 2015. V. 2(84). Р. 15–22.
10. Hryshchenko N.P. Rozvytok svynarstva v Ukraini [Development of pig breeding in Ukraine]. Naukovyi zhurnal «Tvarynnytstvo ta tekhnolohii kharchovykh produktiv», [S.l.], n. 271, 2019. P. 16-23.
11. Demchak I. M. Monitorynh stanu haluzi tvarynnytstva ta rynkiv miaso-molochnoi produktsii za sichen-berezen 2013 roku v tsyfrakh, hrafikakh, diahramakh [Monitoring of the production of meat and dairy products for the current year 2013 in numbers, graphs, diagrams] / [I. M. Demchak, O. V. Senn, D. M. Mykytiuk, O. L. Chyzhevskyi]. K. : NDI «Ukrahroprpomproduktyvnist», 2013. 47 p.
12. Derzhavna sluzhba statystyky Ukrainy [State Statistics Service of Ukraine]. [Elektronnyi resurs]. – Rezhym dostupu: http://www.ukrstat.gov.ua/
13. Ibatullin M. I. Orhanizatsiino-ekonomichni zasady realizatsii produktsii svynarstva osobystymy selianskymy hospodarstvamy [Organizational and economic principles of sale of pig products by private farms]. Visnyk Sumskoho natsionalnoho ahrarnoho universytetu. 2016. № 2. P. 34–36
14. Ivanov, S. S., Borodaenko, F. A., Topikha, V. S., Lykhach, V. Ya., 2015. Efektyvne vyrobnytstvo svynyny v umovakh SVK «Agrofirma «Mig-Servis-Agro» [Effective production of pork in the conditions of Agro Firm «Mig-Service-Agro»]. Visnyk ahrarnoi nauky Prychornomoria. Mykolaiv. V. 2 (84). T. 2. P. 78-86.
15. Kovach, Y. Y., Ilina, H. V. Efektyvnist svynarstva v umovakh sohodennia. Efektyvnist vykorystannia trudovykh i materialnykh resursiv u suchasnykh umovakh u svynarstvi. [The efficiency of pig breeding in today's conditions. Efficiency of use of labor and material resources in modern conditions in pig breeding] Produktyvnist ahropromyslovoho vyrobnytstva (ekonomichni nauky) : nauk.-prakt. zb. Ukrainskoho naukovo-doslidnoho instytutu. K. : NDI «Ukrahropromproduktyvnist», 2011. № 19. P. 55-57.
16. Lykhach, V. Ya., 2016. Obgruntuvannia, rozrobka ta vprovadzhennia intensyvno-tekhnolohichnykh rishen u svynarstvi : monohrafiia [Substantiation, development and implementation of intensive technological solutions in pig production: monograph]. Mykolaiv : MNAU. 227 p.
17. Loza, A. A., 2010. Slahaemыe uspekha otechestvennoho svynovodstva [Summaries of the success of domestic pig production]. Tvarynnytstvo sohodni. № 2. P. 18–20.
18. Osobennosty y perspektyvы razvytyia rыnka miasa y miasoproduktov [[Features and prospects of development of the market of meat and meat products]. [Эlektronnыi resurs]. – Rezhym dostupa: //www.meat. com.ua/pol/? id=4.
19. Osoblyvosti selektsiino-tekhnolohichnykh rishen ta orhanizatsiinykh form u suchasnomu svynarstvi [Features of selection and technological solutions and organizational forms in modern pig breeding] / V. M. Voloshchuk, I. V. Khatko, O. I. Pidtereba ta in. Svynarstvo. Mizhvid. temat. nauk. zb. Poltava, 2012. V. 61. P. 3-8.
20. Rybalko, V. P., 2010. Problemy proyzvodstva svynyny v stranakh SNH [Problems of pork production in the CIS countries ]. Svynovodstvo. № 7. P. 48–49.
21.Svynarstvo : monohrafiia [Pig farming: a monograph] / [V. M. Voloshchuk, V. P. Rybalko, M. D. Berezovskyi ta in.]. K. : Ahrarna nauka, 2014. 587 p.
22. Tekhnolohichni innovatsii u svynarstvi : monohrafiia [Technological innovations in pig breeding: monograph] / V. Ya. Lykhach, A. V. Lykhach. Kyiv : FOP Yamchynskyi O.V., 2020. 290 s., 101 tabl., 65 rys.
23. Tekhnolohiia vyrobnytstva produktsii svynarstva : navchalnyi posibnyk [Technology of pig production: a textbook] / [V. S. Topikha, V. Ya. Lykhach, S. I. Luhovyi, H. I. Kalynychenko, O. A. Koval, R. O. Trybrat]. Mykolaiv : MDAU, 2012. 453 p.
24. Tuchkova A. Ukrainske svynarstvo: rozvyvaty, ne mozhna pokynuty [Ukrainian pig breeding: to develop, it is impossible to leave]. [Elektronnyi resurs]. – Rezhym dostupu: http://pigua.info/uk/pigmarket/88/
25. Ukrayntsy potrebliaiut seichas v piat raz menshe miasa, chem pry USSR [Ukrainians now consume five times less meat than in the USSR]. [Эlektronnыi resurs]. – Rezhym dostupa: http://www.20minut.ua/news/71619.
26. Ukraina posidaie 85-e mistse v sviti za spozhyvanniam miasa na dushu naselennia [Ukraine ranks 85th in the world in terms of meat consumption per capita]. [Elektronnyi resurs]. – Rezhym dostupu: http://shuvar.com/index.php?mod=news&cmd=details&id=620
27. Ukraina u 2014 rotsi narostyla vyrobnytstvo vsiiei produktsii tvarynnytstva – Derzhstat [In 2014, Ukraine increased production of all livestock products - State Statistics Service]. [Elektronnyi resurs]. – Rezhym dostupu: http: // ua.korrespondent.net/ business/economics/3318808
28. Shpychak O. M., Bodnar O. V., Pashko S. O. Tsinova sytuatsiia na rynkakh produktsii tvarynnytstva v Ukraini [Price situation in the markets of livestock products in Ukraine]. Kyiv : NNC «IAE», 2017. 52 p.
29. Shust O. A. Ekonomichni zasady vyrobnytstva ta realizatsii produktsii svynarstva v silskohospodarskykh pidpryiemstvakh [Economic principles of production and sale of pig products in agricultural enterprises]. Stalyi rozvytok ekonomiky. 2011. №1(4). P. 276–280.
30. Management of innovative technologies creation of bio-products: monograph / V. Lykhach, A. Lykhach, M. Duczmal, M. Janicki, M. Ohiienko, A. Obozna, O. Kucher, R. Faustov. Opole-Kyiv, 2020. 223 p. 85 tab. Fig. 14.
ISSN 
ISSN 
