FEATURES OF THE FORMATION OF QUALITY INDICATORS OF MILK OF UKRAINIAN BROWN DAIRY COWS
Abstract
An urgent task for breeders is to study the peculiarities of the formation of milk productivity in cows. Between animals of different genealogical formations, there is a significant difference in the amount of milk yield and the content of its individual components in milk. Thus, animals of different lineages and families may have different contents of milk components, such as fat and protein. In order to fulfill the set goal, 75 animals of the Ukrainian brown dairy breed were carried out in the state breeding plant of the SE "Experimental farm of the Institute of Agriculture of the Northeast of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine", Sumy district. A counter – indicator IU-1 was used to take milk samples. The milk sample was stored in a plastic container (25 ml) for a day at a temperature of +3С0, using chromepik as a preservative. Qualitative indicators were determined in the laboratory of the Institute of Animal Husbandry of the National Academy of Sciences. As a result of the conducted research, it was established that the test animals met the breed standard in terms of milk yield, fat and protein content in milk. At the same time, full-aged animals prevailed over first-borns in the content of fat and protein in milk. on the contrary, according to the content of somatic cells, the first-borns had the best indicators. Among the genotypic factors affecting the content of milk components, the influence of lineal affiliation was investigated. Differentiation by fat content in milk of animals of different genealogical lines was established. Animals of the Distinction line had an advantage in this respect. Animals of both lines met the breed standard for this trait. The results of our research indicate that the cows of the Distinction line exceeded the cows of the Elegant line in terms of protein content. Animals that calved in winter and autumn had a higher fat content in milk, and those that calved in summer had a lower content. A similar trend is characteristic of the content of protein and casein in milk. To study the influence of mastitis in cows on the amount of milk, three groups of cows were selected according to the principle of analogues: a control group of animals, which included healthy cows (5 cows), and two groups of animals with subclinical (group 1) and clinical (group 2) mastitis. When cows get mastitis, the chemical composition of milk changes. The number of somatic cells in mastitis in milk increases sharply. So, if in healthy cows the number of somatic cells in milk was 285-320 thousand/cm3, which meets the requirements of the highest grade, then with subclinical mastitis this indicator increases to 750-850 thousand/cm3, which meets the requirements of the first or second grade , and with the clinical form – more than 2000 thousand.
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