Influence of genetic and paratype factors on sperm efficiency of bulls
Abstract
We have researched influence of gene- and paratype factors on efficiency of sperm of black- and red-and-white Holstein bulls of LLC “Ukrainian Genetic Company” in Zhytomyr region. Sperm-providers were brought from Germany and the Netherlands and were kept in equal conditions of feeding, stock-keeping and use. Qualitative and quantitative characteristics of sperm were determined with semen analyzer IVOS (system CASA). Native sperm was evaluated in accordance with DSTU 3535-97. Single-factor analysis of variance was applied to estimate the impact of influence factors on characteristics of bulls’ sperm efficiency. Experimental bulls in conditions of LLC “Ukrainian Genetic Company” in general are characterized by the high reproductive potential. In the course of a year, they have produced in average 106,4 high-quality ejaculates, 542,0 ml of high-quality native sperm and 28361 sperm doses. Annual rate of sperm efficiency appeared to be considerably variable (Cv=9,2-60,8 %), which evidences significant individual characteristics of inseminators. Quantity of high-quality ejaculates obtained varies from 32 to 173, native sperm – 201-1016 ml, sperm doses obtained – 5755-61920. Volume of ejaculate is 3,77-7,30 ml, concentration of male germ cells in ejaculate – 1,51-3,52 bln/ml, their mobility – 7,2-8,3 points. Results of the research prove significant influence of genetic factors on formation of sperm efficiency of Holstein sires. Quantity and quality of ejaculates and yield of sperm doses more than 40% dependent on bull’s genotype and its adaptive capacity. Lineal belonging of inseminator extensively influences volume of ejaculate (19,3%) and concentration of sperm (30,6 %). Each line apparently differs by most of investigated parameters of sperm efficiency and has its peculiar characteristics. Influence of colour and ecological-genetic origin of a bull on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of sperm is minor (0,2-2,5 %). We have noted seasonal dynamics of efficiency of sperm of Holstein bulls. Peak of their sexual activity is in spring – 31,6 high-quality ejaculates (Р˂0,05) and 158,0 ml of native sperm (Р>0,05) from one bull. The highest yield of sperm doses is observed in winter-spring season – 7851-8069 pcs., the lowest – in summer-autumn – 6149-6293 pcs. Ejaculates bigger in volume were recorded in summer and spring – 5,23-5,28 ml, smaller – in winter and spring – 4,90-5,00 (Р˂0,001). Motility of spermatozoa in ejaculates is higher in cold season (autumn-winter) – 7,9-8,0 points, lower – in warm (spring-summer) – 7,4-7,7 points (Р˂0,001). Influence of season on reproductive function of bulls is 0,8-9,3%.
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