THE USE OF MARKER BREEDING IN THE ORIGINAL BREEDS OF PIGS ACCORDING TO THE INDICATORS OF GENETIC VARIABILITY OF THEIR HYBRID DESCENDANTS
Abstract
The paper provides an assessment of hybrid pigs in terms of fattening productivity: (AGE100) – age of reaching live weight of 100 kg and (ADG) – average daily gain, g/kg. Hybrid pigs were used in the experiment (Large White × Landrace) × Maxgro. Pigs of Irish selection are the basis of pork production in the conditions of SPE "Globinsky Pig Complex" LLC, Poltava region, where they are used as the parent form. The aim of the work was to investigate whether the distribution of allelic variants of genes of candidates provides fattening traits – cathepsin D CTSD (g.70 G>A) and melanocortin receptor 4 MC4R (c.1426 A>G) in a sample of hybrid pigs (Large White × Landrace) of the Maxgro terminal lineage, ensures sufficient genetic variability for associative analysis followed by marker selection. For the genotyping of a hybrid herd of pigs, pigs were divided into two groups. The first group included uncastrated pigs (n=60) to the second group – was immunologically castrated pigs (n=54). DNA isolation was performed from the bristles of the pig's ear using Chelex-100 ion exchange resin. To determine the influence of marker genes on the productive qualities of pigs, a PCR analysis method with restrict hydrolysis of fragments was used. Data processing of DNA genotyping results was carried out using GenAlEX6 software. Immunologically castrated pigs (n=8) with monomorphic genotype MC4RAA (ADG=0,846kg/138days) uncastrated pigs predominate (n=7) by age reaching a live weight of 100 kg per 9 days. A similar situation is observed in pigs of the 2nd and 1st groups with the genotype MC4RGG with a slight difference in ADG +0.010 kg and AGE100 + 8 days (ADG=0,756 kg/152 days). A difference of 6 days in AGE100 is observed in pigs of the 1st group with the polymorphic genotype MC4RAG (ADG=0,850 kg/150 days) and ADG- 0,198 kg. Immunologically castrated pigs (n=5) with the CTSDGG genotype outnumber uncastrated (n=9) in an average daily gain of 0.851 kg by 0.076 kg and the age of reaching a live weight of 100 kg/158 days for -14 days than uncastrated (ADG=0,851kg/144days). Pigs with the CTSDGA genotype (n=27) of the 1st and 2nd groups (n=18) are characterized by uniform growth over the fattening period according to ADG and AGE100. Both alleles were detected by the melanocortin receptor locus 4 MC4R (c.1426A>G) and cathepsin D CTSD (g.70G>A). In SNP CTSD, the frequency of the allele G (0.576) is higher in frequency allele A (0.428). In the case of SNP MC4R, the allele A (0.554) is higher in frequency allele G (0.446). The obtained data allowed us to simulate the scheme: “Genotypic analysis and prediction of desired genotypes in descendants of the parent form of pigs (Large White × Landrace) Maxgro terminal line (n=104) by SNPs CTSD and MC4R”. DNA typing by SNPs MC4R (c.1426 A>G) and CTSD (g.70 G>A) revealed their promising use in marker-associated selection. For the first time in Ukraine, the study of the distribution of frequencies and associations of these alleles and genotypes among pigs of the Maxgro terminal line has begun. The prospect is to continue research in the direction of a comprehensive analysis of the influence of the studied genes on the fattening qualities of the final hybrids using the Maxgro terminal line. The scheme of genotypic analysis is proposed, which is a fundamental direction for the practical implementation of marker selection in the production conditions of industrial pig breeding in Ukraine. The research was carried out with the support of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine 31.01.00.07.F. “To investigate the pleiotropic effect of genes which SNP is used in marker-associated pig breeding." DR No. 0121U109838.
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