MODERN ASPECTS IN COW REPRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
Abstract
Today, successful management of dairy farming requires a well-thought-out organization of veterinary services, ensuring a rhythmic process of reproduction and solving an extremely complex problem: simultaneously with increasing milk productivity, ensuring high reproductive capacity, extending the period of intensive use of cows. Modern cow reproduction technologies are aimed at increasing the productivity and fertility of cattle to ensure high efficiency of animal husbandry. The main directions of innovation in this area are biotechnological methods of reproduction, such as artificial insemination, ovulation induction and genetic selection. Special attention is paid to hormonal methods of controlling the reproductive cycle, which allows to optimize the timing of insemination and increase the percentage of fertilization. Research is also being conducted on the influence of housing conditions, balanced nutrition and reduction of stress factors on the reproductive health of cows. Synchronization programs have become standard components of current breeding cow management in dairy herds in most dairy industries. Estrus synchronization and artificial insemination continue to be major impact technologies for cattle producers in terms of genetic improvement, reproductive management, and animal reproductive and productive performance. Only compliance with all aspects of synchronization of sexual drive, ovulation and insemination of cows makes it possible to constantly obtain up to 50% fertilization for cows and up to 70% for heifers, which will ensure the successful management of the economy of the dairy farm due to the elimination of wasted resources on infertile cows and timely receipt of newborn heifers to repair the herd. Synchronization also helps to identify problems with reproductive health (endometritis, ovarian cysts) and take timely measures to solve them, which helps to reduce the percentage of animal culling due to infertility. Therefore, the synchronization of heat and ovulation allows to use the potential of the herd as effectively as possible, improving the reproductive efficiency, profitability and productivity of the farm. This ensures not only the stability of milk production, but also the optimization of the use of resources and labor.
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