LEPTOSPIROSIS OF FARM ANIMALS IN THE SUMY REGION
Abstract
Leptospirosis is a dangerous zoonotic disease, the monitoring of which is necessary not only for the stable functioning of agricultural enterprises, but also for the protection of human health. The purpose of this work was to analyse the results of the monitoring research among livestock species in the Sumy region for the period 2021-2024 and to take into account factors that may affect the results of monitoring and the intensity of the disease spread. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the epizootic situation shows a positive trend, which is reflected in the decrease of the disease rate among the tested farm animals. No cases of leptospirosis have been detected in sheep and goats over the last four years, but in cattle tested, the disease rate was 19.5% at the beginning of the period analysed (2021) and gradually decreased to 9% in October 2024. There is also a positive trend for pigs, although there was a 50% increase in the number of sick animals in 2023 compared to 2022. The percentage of positively reacting animals among the tested horses has fluctuated significantly, dropping to 1.6% in 2022 and remaining at 9%-11% for the last two years (2023–2024). The next step was to analyse changes in the number of livestock animals on the territory of the Sumy region, as the number of susceptible animals has a direct impact on the intensity of the spread of the disease. Analysis of the reports of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine showed that the improvement in the situation could be due to a significant reduction in the number of livestock animals and a decrease in monitoring coverage, which could give a false picture of the epizootic situation of leptospirosis. Particular attention was also paid to the analysis of factors that might influence the spread of leptospirosis in the context of military activities and lead to a deterioration of the epizootic situation on the territory of the region. The main risk factors identified were water pollution, rodent population growth and socio-economic changes. In 2024, the Sumy region is still not really safe for leptospirosis, which indicates the need for continuous monitoring of the disease in livestock species and pets, strengthening of preventive measures, monitoring of the sanitary condition of water bodies, improving water quality and implementation of regular deratisation activities.
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