PREVALENCE OF RABBIT EIMERIOSIS ASSOCIATIONS IN THE TERRITORIES OF SUMY REGION, VETERINARY-SANITARY AND PATHOMORPHOLOGY ASSESSMENT
Abstract
A clinical and epizootological examination was carried out, followed by a patho-anatomical autopsy of the corpses of rabbits under the age of one year from the homesteads of Romena, Okhtyr and Sumy communities, Sumy region, in order to determine the most common infectious pathologies of rabbits with their patho-anatomical reflection in the above-mentioned region, in order to study the most typical patho-anatomical signs that can be defined as "markers" in the future to establish a preliminary diagnosis. An autopsy was performed on fifty-one rabbit corpses with such pathologies as eimeriosis, myxomatosis, viral hemorrhagic disease of rabbits, as well as in their association. The dominant position of eimeriosis of rabbits among the rest of the specified pathologies was established during diagnostic examinations. Pathological-anatomical studies were carried out by means of a partial pathological-anatomical autopsy with an emphasis on the organs and their systems that are maximally involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. Through comprehensive research, it was established that eimeriosis, myxomatosis, and viral hemorrhagic disease of rabbits account for about ninety-nine percent of the cases of diagnosed deaths among rabbits of infectious and parasitic etiology. The following were subject to post-mortem veterinary and sanitary inspection: carcass, head and internal organs (lungs, heart, liver, intestines, spleen). Before the introduced patho-anatomical studies, a thorough analysis of the epizootic situation, clinical signs and anamnesis of the rabbits of the examined rabbit farms was carried out. Conversations with animal owners were necessarily held regarding their use of preventive and curative measures on their own rabbit farms. Particular attention was paid to the use of vaccines against myxomatosis and viral hemorrhagic disease of rabbits, its storage and use in accordance with the instructions. No less important was the analysis of chemoprophylactic and therapeutic agents for eimeriosis in rabbits and their rotation, under which conditions it was carried out (forced or planned). It was established that there were rare cases of death of rabbits from eimeriosis, despite the use of coccidiostats, as well as from myxomatosis and viral hemorrhagic disease of rabbits after the use of vaccines according to the instructions, which prompts us to think about the need to improve measures to combat the above-mentioned diseases. The pathoanatomical studies conducted by us showed the importance and high efficiency of this diagnosis for the rapid establishment of a preliminary diagnosis and, based on it, the implementation of forced measures to eliminate outbreaks of the specified diseases. Our research has established that the speed of decision-making in the fight against eimeriosis, myxomatosis and viral hemorrhagic disease of rabbits directly affects the amount of losses incurred from these diseases during an outbreak. It was diagnosed that when rabbits are caged in homesteads, eimeriosis is registered as a monoinvasion in 66.0% of rabbits, a mixed eimeriosis-myxomatous association – in 22.0%, an association of eimeriosis-viral hemorrhagic disease in 11.0%, as a monoinvasion manifests catarrhally – hemorrhagic menteritis, conjunctivitis and edema of the subcutaneous tissue are added in the eimeriosis-myxomatosis association, and the eimeriosis-viral hemorrhagic disease association – the dominant addition is hemorrhagic pneumonia and hemorrhagic tracheitis. After conducting a veterinary and sanitary inspection of slaughter products for Eimeria infestation, the affected organs: the small and large intestines and the liver were destroyed, and the carcass was boiled. Other slaughter products were without pathological changes. In order to further determine the effect on the incidence of rabbits against the background of mixed invasive and infectious diseases of rabbits, it is necessary to conduct a study on the correlation of the manifestation of these diseases with the use of preventive vaccinations and treatments against Eimeria.
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