Age structure of fertilization of heifers and its influence on the frequency of complication of calving in first-calf cow and their culling from the herd
Keywords:
fertilization, culling, lactation, first-born cows
Abstract
During the analysis of the age of heifers, in which they became pregnant, it was found that 28.5% of animals were fertilized before 14 months of age. However, 45.2% of heifers became pregnant from 14 till 17 months. At the age from 17 till 20 months, 23.6% of heifers became pregnant. At least 2.7% of heifers were inseminated after reaching the age of more than 20 months. A frequency analysis of calving complicated course firstborn depending on age heifers during fertilization showed that it has noted and a third of fertilized heifers under 14 months of age and a group of 17 and up to 20-months. The frequency of complicated calving was lower by 7.9% in first-born cows that were fertilized at the age of heifers from 14 to 17 months., Than heifers first and third groups. In firstborn fertilized after 20 months of age and complications is calving were recorded in 50.0% of cases. Analysis of spread of Art and complicated course calving cows of different age groups depending on the number of previous families showed that it observed in 24.7% of all cows animals that calved. The largest of the share was 16.3% firstborn. Cows at the second calving or impeded his progress noted a 4.9 times fewer animals and in cows third calving share its complications decreased 12.5 times relatively firstborn. Animals of the fourth and subsequent calving we are number of complications was smaller group of first fruits of 4.3 times (p ˂0,001). The frequency of culling cows in the herd was 23.7%. And the analysis of the structure of culled cows depending on the age and period of lactation showed that during 90 days of lactation 57.5% of cows dropped out. Every fourth cow dropped out at the end of lactation. First-born 47.2% of all culled cows were most often culled of all cows rejected. Animal second lactation dropped to 1.55 times (p ˂0,01) less or the same first-born, and cows third and fourth lactations or more dropped to 2.8 - 2.6 times (p ˂0,01) less than cows of the second lactation. Most first-born 24.2% were culled during 90 days of lactation, cows of the third and fourth and more lactations dropped out 3.6 and 3.3 times (p ˂0.05) less. At the end of lactation, 15.3% of first-born cows dropped out, which is 9.7% more than cows of the second lactation and 12.9% more than cows of the third and fourth and more lactations.
References
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9. Habaev, M.S., Batyrova, O. A., Hukezhev, V. M. (2013). Effektyvnost raznikh varyantov otbora korov [Effectiveness of different cow selection options]. Zootekhnyia [Zootechnics], 5, 6-7. [in Russian].
10. De Vries, A. (2013) Cow longevity economics – the cost benefit of keeping the cow in the herd. Cow Longevity Conference 2013 that took place at Hamra farm, Sweden in August 2013. URL: http://www.milkproduction.com/Library/Scientific-articles/Management/Cow-longevity-economics-The-cost-benefit-of-keeping-the-cow-in-the-herd/
11. Honchar, A.O. (2013). Dystotsiia ta symptomatychne bezpliddia u vysoko-produktyvnykh koriv za intensyvnoi tekhnolohii ekspluatatsii [Dystocia and symptomatic infertility in high-yielding cows with intensive technology]. Naukovyi visnyk Natsionalnoho universytetu bioresursiv i pryrodokorystuvannia Ukrainy. Ser.: Tekhnolohiia vyrobnytstva i pererobky produktsii tvarynnytstva [Scientific Bulletin of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine. Series: Technology of production and processing of livestock products], 190. 352-360. URL: http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/nvnau_tevppt_2013_190_63 [in Ukrainian].
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13. Kamal, M. M., Van Eetvelde, M., Depreester, E., Hostens, M., Vandaele, L., & Opsomer, G. (2014). Age at calving in heifers and level of milk production during gestation in cows are associated with the birth size of Holstein calves. Journal of dairy science, 97(9), 5448–5458. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2014-7898
14. Karlova, L. V., Lesnovska, O. V, Pryshedko, V. M. ta in. (2018). Vplyv viku pershoho osimeninnia koriv riznykh porid na yikh produktyvni yakosti [Influence of the age of the first insemination of cows of different breeds on their productive qualities]. Naukovo-tekhnichnyi biuleten Derzhavnoho naukovo-doslidnoho kontrolnoho instytutu veterynarnykh preparativ ta kormovykh dobavok i Instytutu biolohii tvaryn [Scientific and technical bulletin of the State Research Control Institute of Veterinary Drugs and Feed Additives and the Institute of Animal Biology], Lviv, 19, 1. 286–292. URL: http://dspace.dsau.dp.ua/jspui/handle/123456789/1324 [in Ukrainian].
15. Khmelnychyi, L.M. Loboda, V.P. (2014). Produktyvnist koriv ukrainskoi chervono, riaboi molochnoi porody zalezhno vid pokaznykiv vidtvornoi zdatnosti [Productivity of cows of the Ukrainian red, speckled dairy breed depending on indicators of reproductive ability]. Rozvedennia i henetyka tvaryn [Breeding and genetics of animals], Kyiv, 48. 143-150 [in Ukrainian].
16. Kraevsky, A. Y., Travetskyy M. O. (2016). Poshyrenistʹ hinekolohichnoyi patolohiyi u vysokoproduktyvnykh koriv [Prevalence of gynecological pathology in highly productive cows]. Naukovo-tekhnichnyi biuleten Derzhavnoho naukovo-doslidnoho kontrolnoho instytutu veterynarnykh preparativ ta kormovykh dobavok i Instytutu biolohii tvaryn [Scientific and technical bulletin of the State Research Control Institute of Veterinary Drugs and Feed Additives and the Institute of Animal Biology], Lviv, 17, 1. 239–245. [in Ukrainian].
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18. Kuzebnyi, S.V. Sharapa, H.S., Demchuk, S.Yu., et al., (2018). Metody pidvyshchennia reproduktyvnoi zdatnosti molochnykh koriv [Methods of increasing the reproductive capacity of dairy cows]. Rekomendatsii, Chubynske [Recommendations, Chubynske], 24. [in Ukrainian].
19. Lakyn, H.F. (1990). Biometriya: Uchebnoye posobiye dlya biologicheskikh spetsial'nostey Vuzov [Biometrics: Textbook for Biological Specialties of Universities]. Vysshaya Shkola [Graduate School], M, 352 [in Russian].
20. Macalovych, Yu. C.; Valchuk, O.A; Liubetskyi, V.Y. (2018). Peredchasne vybuttia koriv z produktyvnoho stada [Premature departure of cows from a productive herd]. Ukrainskyi chasopys veterynarnykh nauk [Ukrainian Journal of Veterinary Sciences], 265, 270-278. URL: http://journals.nubip.edu.ua/index.php /Veterenarna/article/view/ 10689> [in Ukrainian].
21. Nilforooshan, M. A., & Edriss, M. A. (2004). Effect of age at first calving on some productive and longevity traits in Iranian Holsteins of the Isfahan province. Journal of dairy science, 87(7), 2130–2135. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(04)70032-6
22. Orpin, P. G. & Esslemont, R. J. (2010) Culling and wastage in dairy herds: an update on incidence and economic impact in dairy herds in the UK. British Cattle Veterinary Association, Frampton-on-Severn, UK, Cattle Practice, 18, 3, 163-172.
23. Rilanto, T., Reimus, K., Orro, T., Emanuelson, U., Viltrop, A., & Mõtus, K. (2020). Culling reasons and risk factors in Estonian dairy cows. BMC veterinary research, 16(1), 173. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-020-02384-6
24. Shkurko, T.P. (2009). Produktyvne vykorystannia koriv molochnykh porid [Productive use of dairy cows]. Ima-Pres [Ima-Pres], D, 201-236. ISBN 978-966-331-255-2 [in Ukrainian].
25. Shuliar, A.L. (2019). Vplyv viku pershoho osimeninnia ta pershoho otelennia koriv na yikh molochnu produktyvnist [Influence of the age of the first insemination and the first calving of cows on their milk productivity]. Tavriiskyi naukovyi visnyk, Silskohospodarski nauky [Taurian Scientific Bulletin, Agricultural Sciences], Kherson, 109, 2, 155–163. URL: http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/2140 [in Ukrainian].
26. Singh, Madhumeet & Sharma, Akshay & Kumar, Pravesh. (2019). Bovine dystocia -An overview. J Veterinary Science and Zoology, 1. https://doi.org/10.31579/JVSZ/2019 .
27. Steele, M. (2020). Age at first calving in dairy cows: which months do you aim for to maximise productivity? Verbum Et Ecclesia, 5.
28. Strandberg, E. & Emanuelson, U. (2016). Herd-level factors associated with longevity in Swedish dairy cattle. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A – Animal Science, 66:2, 92-98, https://doi.org/10.1080/09064702.2016.1221986
29. Tatsii, V.Ya. (2017). Zhorstoke povodzhennia z tvarynamy [Animal cruelty]. Velyka ukrainska yurydychna entsyklopediia. Kryminalne pravo [Great Ukrainian legal encyclopedia. Criminal Law], U20t, T.17. 200. ISBN 978-966-937-261-1 [in Ukrainian].
30. Venjakob, P.L., Borchardt, S., & Heuwieser, W. (2017). Hypocalcemia-Cow-level prevalence and preventive strategies in German dairy herds. Journal of dairy science, 100(11), 9258–9266. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2016-12494
31. Wankhade, P. R., Manimaran, A., Kumaresan, A., Jeyakumar, S., Ramesha, K. P., Sejian, V., Rajendran, D., & Varghese, M. R. (2017). Metabolic and immunological changes in transition dairy cows: A review. Veterinary world, 10(11), 1367–1377. https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2017.1367-1377
32. Wathes, D., Pollott, G.E., Johnson, K.F., Richardson, H., & Cooke, J. (2014). Heifer fertility and carry over consequences for life time production in dairy and beef cattle. Animal: an international journal of animal bioscience, 8 Suppl 1, 91-104.
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How to Cite
Kraevskіy A., Dopa , V., Chekan , A., & Musiienko, Y. (1). Age structure of fertilization of heifers and its influence on the frequency of complication of calving in first-calf cow and their culling from the herd . Bulletin of Sumy National Agrarian University. The Series: Veterinary Medicine, (1 (48), 23-31. https://doi.org/10.32845/bsnau.vet.2020.1.4
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Veterinary medicine
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