EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND CLINICAL FEATURES OF CANINE LYMPHOMA
Keywords:
lymphoma, dogs, clinical form, prevalence, stage
Abstract
The purpose of the research was to determine the prevalence and characteristics of the clinical course of various forms of canine lymphoma according to anatomical and clinical classifications. The diagnosis of lymphoma was made during a pathological autopsy, surgical interventions in body cavities, fine-needle biopsy under ultrasound control, and cytological and histological examination. A total of 70 cases of canine lymphoma were analyzed. Epidemiological and clinical analysis of different forms of lymphoma was carried out. Epidemiological analysis of this pathology was carried out in breed, age and gender aspects. The prevalence of canine lymphoma was studied according to anatomical and clinical stage classification. The conducted statistical epidemiological analysis showed a significant prevalence of canine lymphoma in the nosological structure of oncological pathology. These neoplasias are registered quite often and make up 13.83% of the total number of malignant tumors. It has been established that the prevalence of lymphoma depends on the age, sex and breed of dogs. The most common clinical form is multicentric. There are also alimentary, skin and mediastinal. With extranodal lymphomas, primary lesions of the eyes, liver, spleen, and lungs were more often registered. Most often, lymphoma was diagnosed at the IV stage of the development of the oncological process, when generalized painless lymphadenopathy with secondary damage to the liver and spleen was observed. Clinical signs of the course of canine lymphoma depend on the form, stage and localization of the process, and most of them are not specific. During the diagnosis of lymphoma, X-ray examination and fine-needle biopsy under ultrasound control are of great importance. Epidemiological analysis of lymphomas by anatomical classification and clinical stages makes it possible to determine the degree of spread of the oncological process, which can be useful for determining optimal methods of treatment of this pathology.
References
1. Affolter, V. K., O'Brien, D, Nagle, T. M, & Outerbridge, C. A. (2020). Multicentric B-cell lymphoma with presumed paraneoplastic generalized cutaneous sclerosis in a dog. Veterinary Dermatology, 31(3), 250–256. doi: 10.1111/vde.12832
2. Akiyoshi, M., Hisasue, M., Neo, S., Akiyoshi, M., & Goto-Koshino, Y. (2019). A case of hemophagocytic syndrome progressing into large granular lymphoma in a dog. Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 48(1), 71–77. doi: 10.1111/vcp.12704
3. Aresu, L., Ferraresso, S., Marconato, L., Cascione, L., Napoli, S., Gaudio, E., Kwee, I., Tarantelli, C., Testa, A., Maniaci, C., Ciulli, A., Hillmann, P., Bohnacker, T., Wymann, M. P., Comazzi, S., Milan, M., Riondato, F., Rovere, G. D., Giantin, M., Giannuzzi, D., & Bertoni, F. (2019). New molecular and therapeutic insights into canine diffuse large B-cell lymphoma elucidates the role of the dog as a model for human disease. Haematologica, 104, 256–259. doi: 10.3324/haematol.2018.207027
4. Avery, P. R., Burton, J., Bromberek, J. L., Seelig, D. M., Elmslie, R., Correa, S., Ehrhart, E. J., Morley, P. S., & Avery, A. C. (2014). Flow Cytometric Characterization and Clinical Outcome of CD4+ T-Cell Lymphoma in Dogs: 67 Cases. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 28(2), 538–546. doi: 10.1111/jvim.12304
5. Allett, B., & Hecht, S. (2016). MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING FINDINGS IN THE SPINE OF SIX DOGS DIAGNOSED WITH LYMPHOMA. Veterinary Radiology, 57(2), 154161. doi: 10.1111/vru.12340
6. Buckley, M. E., Chapman, P. S., & Walsh, A. (2017). Glucocorticoid-deficient hypoadrenocorticism secondary to intravascular lymphoma in the adrenal glands of a dog. Australian Veterinary Journal, 95(3), 64–67. doi: 10.1111/avj.12539
7. Coelho, A. C. B., Echenique, J. V. Z., Lemos, B. S., Pablo, E. S., Sallis, E. S. V., Raffi, M. B., & Schild, A. L. (2019). Canine lymphomas diagnosed in southern Brazil from 2000 to 2017: epidemiology and immunophenotype. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira, 39(7), 492–498. doi: 10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-6027.
8. De Zan, G., Zappulli, V., & Cavicchioli, L. (2009). Gastric B-Cell Lymphoma with Mott Cell Differentiation in a Dog. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 21(5). doi: 10.1177/104063870902100521
9. Degl'Innocenti, S., Camera, N. D., Falzone, C., & Cantile, C. (2019). Canine Cerebral Intravascular Lymphoma: Neuropathological and Immunohistochemical Findings. Veterinary Рathology., 56(2), 239–243. doi: 10.1177/0300985818806059
10. Desmas, I., Burton, J. H., Post, G., Kristal, O., Gauthier, M., Borrego, J. F., Di Bella, A. & Lara-Garcia, A. (2017). Clinical presentation, treatment and outcome in 31 dogs with presumed primary colorectal lymphoma (2001–2013). Veterinary and Comparative Oncology, 15, 504–517. doi: 10.1111/vco.12194
11. Donato, P. D., Zweifel, R., Koehler, K., Golini, L., Ressel, L., Kramer, M., Kiefer, I., Lim, C. K., & Ondreka, N. (2019). Predominance of hypoechoic tissue changes in nine dogs with malignant prostatic lymphoma. Veterinary Radiology, 60, 75–80. doi: 10.1111/vru.12686
12. Fontaine, S. J., Heimann, M., & Day, M. J. (2010). Canine cutaneous epitheliotropic T-cell lymphoma: a review of 30 cases. Veterinary Dermatology, 21, 267–275. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2009.00793.x
13. Holm, F., Hardon, T., Clasen-Linde, E., Hjorth Mikkelsen, L., & Heegaard, S. (2018). B-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma of the nictitating membrane as the first presenting sign in a 2-year-old Springer Spaniel. Clinical Case Reports, 6(11), 2246–2251. doi: 10.1002/ccr3.1862
14. Jankowska U., Jagielski, D., Czopowicz, M., & Sapierzyński, R. (2017). The animal-dependent risk factors in canine T-cell lymphomas. Veterinary and Comparative Oncology, 15(2), 307–314. doi: 10.1111/vco.12164
15. Keller, S. M., Vernau, W., & Hodges, J. (2013). Hepatosplenic and Hepatocytotropic T-Cell Lymphoma: Two Distinct Types of T-Cell Lymphoma in Dogs. Veterinary Pathology, 50(2). doi: 10.1177/0300985812451625
16. Lanza, M. R., Musciano, A. R., Dubielzig, R. D. & Durham, A. C. (2018). Clinical and pathological classification of canine intraocular lymphoma. Vet Ophthalmol, 21, 167–173. doi: 10.1111/vop.12492
17. Maeda, S., Tsuboi, M., Sakai, K., Ohno, K., Fukushima, K., Kanemoto, H., Hiyoshi-Kanemoto, S., Goto-Koshino, Y., Chambers, J. K., Yonezawa, T., Uchida, K. & Matsuki, N. (2017). Endoscopic Cytology for the Diagnosis of Chronic Enteritis and Intestinal Lymphoma in Dogs. Veterinary Pathology, 54(4), 595–604. doi: 10.1177/0300985817705175
18. Mansoor Lakoora, H., Ahmadi-Hamedani, M., Dezfoulian, O. & Selk Ghaffari, M. (2018). Multicentric lymphoma in a Rottweiler dog with bilateral ocular involvement: A case report. Veterinary Research Forum, 9(3), 285–288. doi: 10.30466/vrf.2018.32090
19. Marconato, L., Gelain, M. E., & Comazzi S. (2013). The dog as a possible animal model for human non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a review. Hematological Oncology, 31(1), 1–9. doi: 10.1002/hon.2017
20. Mikkelsen, L. H., Holm, F., Clasen-Linde, E., Engraff, P., & Heegaard, S. (2018). T cell-lymphoma in the eyelid of a 9-year-old English Setter. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, 60, 79. doi: 10.1186/s13028-018-0432-2
21. Neuwald, E. B., Teixeira, L. V., Conrado, F. O., Silva, O. D., Hlavac, R. C., & González, Н. D. (2014). Epidemiological, clinical and immunohistochemical aspects of canine lymphoma in the region of Porto Alegre, Brazil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira, 34(4), 349–354. doi: 10.1590/S0100-736X2014000400009
22. Pinello, K.C., Niza-Ribeiro, J., Fonseca, L., & de Matos, A. J. (2019). Incidence, characteristics and geographical distributions of canine and human non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in the Porto region (North West Portugal). Veterinary Journal, 245, 70–76. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2019.01.003
23. Pittaway, C., Schofield, I., Dobson, J., O'Neill, D. G., & Brodbelt D. C. (2019). Incidence and risk factors for the diagnosis of lymphoma in dogs in UK primary-care practice. Journal of Small Animal Practice, 60(10), 581–588. doi: 10.1111/jsap.13054
24. Sato, M., Yamazaki, J., Goto-Koshino, Y., Setoguchi, A., Takahashi, M., Baba, K., Fujino, Y., Ohno, K. & Tsujimoto, H. (2016). Minimal residual disease in canine lymphoma: An objective marker to assess tumour cell burden in remission. Veterinary Journal, 215, 38–42. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2016.05.012
25. Sapierzyński, R., Czopowicz, M. & Ostrzeszewicz, M. (2017). Factors affecting the diagnostic utility of canine and feline cytological samples. Journal of Small Animal Practice, 58, 73–78. doi: 10.1111/jsap.12598
26. Seelig, D. M., Avery, A. C., Ehrhart, E. & Linden, M. A. (2016). The comparative diagnostic features of canine and human lymphoma. Veterinary Sciences, 3(2), 11. doi: 10.3390/vetsci3020011
27. Senthil, N. R., Chakravarthi, R., & Vairamuthu, S. (2020). Retrospective studies on tumor conditions in dogs over a period of four years (2014–2018). The Pharma Innovation Journal, 9(4), 224–227.
28. Stranahan, L. W., Whitley, D., Thaiwong, T., Kiupel, M., & Oliveira, F. (2019). Anaplastic large T-cell lymphoma in the intestine of dogs. Vet Pathol., 56, 878–884. doi: 10.1177/0300985819852132
29. Valli, V. E., Kass, P. H., San Myint, M. & Scott, F. (2013). Canine lymphomas: association of classification type, disease stage, tumor subtype, mitotic rate, and treatment with survival. Veterinary Pathology, 50(5), 738–748. doi: 0.1177/0300985813478210
30. Villamil, J. A., Henry, C. J., Hahn, A. W., Bryan, J. N., Tyler, J. W. & Caldwell, C. W. (2009). Hormonal and sex impact on the epidemiology of canine lymphoma. Journal of Cancer Epidemiology, 591753. doi:10.1155/2009/591753
31. Zandvliet, M. (2016). Canine lymphoma: a review. Veterinary Quarterly, 36, 76–104. doi: 10.1080/01652176.2016.1152633
2. Akiyoshi, M., Hisasue, M., Neo, S., Akiyoshi, M., & Goto-Koshino, Y. (2019). A case of hemophagocytic syndrome progressing into large granular lymphoma in a dog. Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 48(1), 71–77. doi: 10.1111/vcp.12704
3. Aresu, L., Ferraresso, S., Marconato, L., Cascione, L., Napoli, S., Gaudio, E., Kwee, I., Tarantelli, C., Testa, A., Maniaci, C., Ciulli, A., Hillmann, P., Bohnacker, T., Wymann, M. P., Comazzi, S., Milan, M., Riondato, F., Rovere, G. D., Giantin, M., Giannuzzi, D., & Bertoni, F. (2019). New molecular and therapeutic insights into canine diffuse large B-cell lymphoma elucidates the role of the dog as a model for human disease. Haematologica, 104, 256–259. doi: 10.3324/haematol.2018.207027
4. Avery, P. R., Burton, J., Bromberek, J. L., Seelig, D. M., Elmslie, R., Correa, S., Ehrhart, E. J., Morley, P. S., & Avery, A. C. (2014). Flow Cytometric Characterization and Clinical Outcome of CD4+ T-Cell Lymphoma in Dogs: 67 Cases. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 28(2), 538–546. doi: 10.1111/jvim.12304
5. Allett, B., & Hecht, S. (2016). MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING FINDINGS IN THE SPINE OF SIX DOGS DIAGNOSED WITH LYMPHOMA. Veterinary Radiology, 57(2), 154161. doi: 10.1111/vru.12340
6. Buckley, M. E., Chapman, P. S., & Walsh, A. (2017). Glucocorticoid-deficient hypoadrenocorticism secondary to intravascular lymphoma in the adrenal glands of a dog. Australian Veterinary Journal, 95(3), 64–67. doi: 10.1111/avj.12539
7. Coelho, A. C. B., Echenique, J. V. Z., Lemos, B. S., Pablo, E. S., Sallis, E. S. V., Raffi, M. B., & Schild, A. L. (2019). Canine lymphomas diagnosed in southern Brazil from 2000 to 2017: epidemiology and immunophenotype. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira, 39(7), 492–498. doi: 10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-6027.
8. De Zan, G., Zappulli, V., & Cavicchioli, L. (2009). Gastric B-Cell Lymphoma with Mott Cell Differentiation in a Dog. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 21(5). doi: 10.1177/104063870902100521
9. Degl'Innocenti, S., Camera, N. D., Falzone, C., & Cantile, C. (2019). Canine Cerebral Intravascular Lymphoma: Neuropathological and Immunohistochemical Findings. Veterinary Рathology., 56(2), 239–243. doi: 10.1177/0300985818806059
10. Desmas, I., Burton, J. H., Post, G., Kristal, O., Gauthier, M., Borrego, J. F., Di Bella, A. & Lara-Garcia, A. (2017). Clinical presentation, treatment and outcome in 31 dogs with presumed primary colorectal lymphoma (2001–2013). Veterinary and Comparative Oncology, 15, 504–517. doi: 10.1111/vco.12194
11. Donato, P. D., Zweifel, R., Koehler, K., Golini, L., Ressel, L., Kramer, M., Kiefer, I., Lim, C. K., & Ondreka, N. (2019). Predominance of hypoechoic tissue changes in nine dogs with malignant prostatic lymphoma. Veterinary Radiology, 60, 75–80. doi: 10.1111/vru.12686
12. Fontaine, S. J., Heimann, M., & Day, M. J. (2010). Canine cutaneous epitheliotropic T-cell lymphoma: a review of 30 cases. Veterinary Dermatology, 21, 267–275. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2009.00793.x
13. Holm, F., Hardon, T., Clasen-Linde, E., Hjorth Mikkelsen, L., & Heegaard, S. (2018). B-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma of the nictitating membrane as the first presenting sign in a 2-year-old Springer Spaniel. Clinical Case Reports, 6(11), 2246–2251. doi: 10.1002/ccr3.1862
14. Jankowska U., Jagielski, D., Czopowicz, M., & Sapierzyński, R. (2017). The animal-dependent risk factors in canine T-cell lymphomas. Veterinary and Comparative Oncology, 15(2), 307–314. doi: 10.1111/vco.12164
15. Keller, S. M., Vernau, W., & Hodges, J. (2013). Hepatosplenic and Hepatocytotropic T-Cell Lymphoma: Two Distinct Types of T-Cell Lymphoma in Dogs. Veterinary Pathology, 50(2). doi: 10.1177/0300985812451625
16. Lanza, M. R., Musciano, A. R., Dubielzig, R. D. & Durham, A. C. (2018). Clinical and pathological classification of canine intraocular lymphoma. Vet Ophthalmol, 21, 167–173. doi: 10.1111/vop.12492
17. Maeda, S., Tsuboi, M., Sakai, K., Ohno, K., Fukushima, K., Kanemoto, H., Hiyoshi-Kanemoto, S., Goto-Koshino, Y., Chambers, J. K., Yonezawa, T., Uchida, K. & Matsuki, N. (2017). Endoscopic Cytology for the Diagnosis of Chronic Enteritis and Intestinal Lymphoma in Dogs. Veterinary Pathology, 54(4), 595–604. doi: 10.1177/0300985817705175
18. Mansoor Lakoora, H., Ahmadi-Hamedani, M., Dezfoulian, O. & Selk Ghaffari, M. (2018). Multicentric lymphoma in a Rottweiler dog with bilateral ocular involvement: A case report. Veterinary Research Forum, 9(3), 285–288. doi: 10.30466/vrf.2018.32090
19. Marconato, L., Gelain, M. E., & Comazzi S. (2013). The dog as a possible animal model for human non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a review. Hematological Oncology, 31(1), 1–9. doi: 10.1002/hon.2017
20. Mikkelsen, L. H., Holm, F., Clasen-Linde, E., Engraff, P., & Heegaard, S. (2018). T cell-lymphoma in the eyelid of a 9-year-old English Setter. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, 60, 79. doi: 10.1186/s13028-018-0432-2
21. Neuwald, E. B., Teixeira, L. V., Conrado, F. O., Silva, O. D., Hlavac, R. C., & González, Н. D. (2014). Epidemiological, clinical and immunohistochemical aspects of canine lymphoma in the region of Porto Alegre, Brazil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira, 34(4), 349–354. doi: 10.1590/S0100-736X2014000400009
22. Pinello, K.C., Niza-Ribeiro, J., Fonseca, L., & de Matos, A. J. (2019). Incidence, characteristics and geographical distributions of canine and human non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in the Porto region (North West Portugal). Veterinary Journal, 245, 70–76. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2019.01.003
23. Pittaway, C., Schofield, I., Dobson, J., O'Neill, D. G., & Brodbelt D. C. (2019). Incidence and risk factors for the diagnosis of lymphoma in dogs in UK primary-care practice. Journal of Small Animal Practice, 60(10), 581–588. doi: 10.1111/jsap.13054
24. Sato, M., Yamazaki, J., Goto-Koshino, Y., Setoguchi, A., Takahashi, M., Baba, K., Fujino, Y., Ohno, K. & Tsujimoto, H. (2016). Minimal residual disease in canine lymphoma: An objective marker to assess tumour cell burden in remission. Veterinary Journal, 215, 38–42. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2016.05.012
25. Sapierzyński, R., Czopowicz, M. & Ostrzeszewicz, M. (2017). Factors affecting the diagnostic utility of canine and feline cytological samples. Journal of Small Animal Practice, 58, 73–78. doi: 10.1111/jsap.12598
26. Seelig, D. M., Avery, A. C., Ehrhart, E. & Linden, M. A. (2016). The comparative diagnostic features of canine and human lymphoma. Veterinary Sciences, 3(2), 11. doi: 10.3390/vetsci3020011
27. Senthil, N. R., Chakravarthi, R., & Vairamuthu, S. (2020). Retrospective studies on tumor conditions in dogs over a period of four years (2014–2018). The Pharma Innovation Journal, 9(4), 224–227.
28. Stranahan, L. W., Whitley, D., Thaiwong, T., Kiupel, M., & Oliveira, F. (2019). Anaplastic large T-cell lymphoma in the intestine of dogs. Vet Pathol., 56, 878–884. doi: 10.1177/0300985819852132
29. Valli, V. E., Kass, P. H., San Myint, M. & Scott, F. (2013). Canine lymphomas: association of classification type, disease stage, tumor subtype, mitotic rate, and treatment with survival. Veterinary Pathology, 50(5), 738–748. doi: 0.1177/0300985813478210
30. Villamil, J. A., Henry, C. J., Hahn, A. W., Bryan, J. N., Tyler, J. W. & Caldwell, C. W. (2009). Hormonal and sex impact on the epidemiology of canine lymphoma. Journal of Cancer Epidemiology, 591753. doi:10.1155/2009/591753
31. Zandvliet, M. (2016). Canine lymphoma: a review. Veterinary Quarterly, 36, 76–104. doi: 10.1080/01652176.2016.1152633
Published
2023-03-15
How to Cite
SamoilіukН. V., BіlyD. D., Koziy, M. S., & SamoilіukV. V. (2023). EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND CLINICAL FEATURES OF CANINE LYMPHOMA. Bulletin of Sumy National Agrarian University. The Series: Veterinary Medicine, (4(59), 59-64. https://doi.org/10.32845/bsnau.vet.2022.4.9
ISSN 
ISSN 
