ERYTHROCYTOPOESIS IN CANINE HEPATODYSTROPHY PATIENTS
Keywords:
dogs, liver diseases, hepatodystrophy, acid erythrograms, diagnostic methods, erythrocytes, leukocytes, erythron, anemia, blood.
Abstract
The task of the work was to analyze the dynamics of changes in the state of erythron depending on the severity of the course of hepatodystrophy. The material for the research was 10 dogs in which acute liver failure was caused. To do this, they were orally administered a 50 % carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) emulsion by means of a probe at a dose of 0.3 ml/kg, 0.5 and 1 ml/kg of the animal's weight with an interval of 6 days. In the blood, acid resistance was determined (according to Gitelzon I.I., Torskov I.A.) and the population composition of erythrocytes (according to Sizova I. with co-authors, 1985). Analysis of the acid resistance of dog erythrocytes induced by 0.00015 N HCl solution in 0.85 % NaCl solution showed that the erythrogram has well-defined left and right parts with a main peak height of 21.0 % and a hemolysis duration of 7.5 minutes. This configuration of the erythrogram is natural, since fractionation of erythrocytes in the sucrose density gradient showed that their populations are: "young" – 69.13±1.0; "mature" – 24.5±0.84 and "old" – 6.37±0.35 %. With the development of hepatodystrophy, the erythrogram also changed. Complete hemolysis of erythrocytes occurred at the sixth minute. The height of the main peak of hemolysis was 3 % higher and was 24 % at the third and a half minute, compared to the beginning of the experiment. Such a difference in the form of erythrograms before and after CCl4 poisoning indicates a decrease in the number of "young" erythrocytes. Thus, after the introduction of CCl4 at a dose of 1.0 ml/kg of weight, the population of "young" erythrocytes decreased by 12.03 %, compared to clinically healthy dogs, which was due to an increase in "mature" – by 8.4 % and "old" – by 3.63 %. Thus, experimentally induced hepatodystrophy in dogs causes changes in peripheral blood. "Young" erythrocytes stop entering the bloodstream, as evidenced by changes in erythrograms and the population composition of peripheral blood erythrocytes. The age composition of erythrocytes in the blood of dogs significantly affects the character of acidic erythrograms, the optimal form of which can be obtained when using a 0.00015 N solution of hydrochloric acid in an isotonic sodium chloride solution prepared in bidistilled water (pH 6.95). Anemia in dogs with hepatodystrophy was accompanied by a decrease of 12.0 % in the number of "young" and an increase of 8.4 and 3.6 % in the populations of "mature" and "old" erythrocytes, respectively.
References
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6. Dmytrenko, N. I., & Mizin, A.V. (2014). Osoblyvosti kliniko-morfolohichnoho proiavu virusnoho hepatytu sobak. [Features of clinical and morphological manifestation of canine viral hepatitis]. Visnyk Sumskoho natsionalnoho ahrarnoho universytetu: Veterynarna medytsyna, 1(34), 104–106. http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/Vsna_vet_2014_1_31 (in Ukrainian).
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8. Dubey, J. P., Sykes, J. E., Shelton, G. D., Sharp, N., Verma, S. K., Calero-Bernal, R., Viviano, J., Sundar, N., Khan, A., & Grigg, M. E. (2015). Sarcocystis caninum and Sarcocystis svanai n. Spp. (Apicomplexa: Sarcocystidae) Associated with Severe Myositis and Hepatitis in the Domestic Dog (Canis familiaris). The Journal of eukaryotic microbiology, 62(3), 307–317. doi: 10.1111/jeu.12182.
9. Ganger, D. R., Rule, J., Rakela, J., Bass, N., Reuben, A., Stravitz, R. T., Sussman, N., Larson, A. M., James, L., Chiu, C., Lee, W. M., & Acute Liver Failure Study Group (2018). Acute Liver Failure of Indeterminate Etiology: A Comprehensive Systematic Approach by An Expert Committee to Establish Causality. The American journal of gastroenterology, 113 (9), 1319. doi: 10.1038/s41395-018-0160-2.
10. Halatiuk, O. Ye., Romanyshyna, T. O., & Lakhman, A. R. (2019). Patohenetychni aspekty likuvannia infektsiinoho hepatytu sobak [Pathogenetic aspects of treatment of infectious hepatitis in dogs]. Naukovyi visnyk Lvivskoho natsionalnoho universytetu veterynarnoi medytsyny ta biotekhnolohii imeni S. Z. Gzhytskoho. Seriia: Veterynarni nauky. Т. 21, no 94. 3–8. doi : 10.32718/nvlvet9401.
11. Levchenko V. I. et al. (2019). Veterynarna klinichna biokhimiia: pidruchnyk. Za red. V. I. Levchenka ta V. V. Vlizla. [Veterinary clinical biochemistry: textbook]. Bila Tserkva. 416 p. (in Ukrainian).
12. Lemeshchenko, V. V. (1999). Strukturno-funktsionalni osoblyvosti pechinkovoi arterii, pupkovoi i voritnoi ven u neonatalnykh tsutseniat [Structural and functional features of the hepatic artery, umbilical and portal veins in neonatal puppies]. Visnyk Bilotserkiv. derzh. ahrar. un-tu. v. 8 (1). Bila Tserkva, 145–149.
13. Lokes-Krupka, T. P., Vlokh, I. Yu., Baklytska, A. S., Kanivets, N. S., & Karysheva L. P. (2022). Klinichnyi vypadok khronichnoho hepatytu u sviiskoho sobaky [A clinical case of chronic hepatitis in a domestic dog]. Naukovyi visnyk Lvivskoho natsionalnoho universytetu veterynarnoi medytsyny ta biotekhnolohii imeni S.Z. Gzhytskoho. Seriia: Veterynarni nauky. T. 24, no 107. 94–99. doi: 10.32718/nvlvet10716.
14. Longhi, M.S., Hussain, M.J., Bogdanos, D.P., et al. (2007). Cytochrome P450IID6-specific CD8 T cell immune responses mirror disease activity in autoim- mune hepatitis type 2. Hepatology. 46 (2), 472–484. doi: 10.1002/hep.21658.
15. Lucina, S. B., Sarraff, A. P., Wolf, M., Silva, VB. C., Sousa, M. G, & Froes, T. R. (2021). Congenital Heart Disease in Dogs: A Retrospective Study of 95 Cases. Top Companion Anim Med. Jun; 43: 100505. doi: 10.1016/j.tcam.2020.10050.
16. Michael, A. E., Case, J. B., Massari, F., Giuffrida, M. A., Mayhew, P. D., Carvajal, J. L., Regier, P. J., Runge, J. J., & Singh, A. (2021). Feasibility of laparoscopic liver lobectomy in dogs. Vet Surg. Jul; 50 Suppl 1: O89–O98. doi: 10.1111/vsu.13566.
17. Morozenko, D.V., & Tymoshenko, O.P. (2012). Biokhimichni pokaznyky stanu spoluchnoi tkanyny u patohenezi, diahnostytsi ta kontroli efektyvnosti likuvannia hepatopatii sobak [Biochemical indicators of connective tissue condition in pathogenesis, diagnosis and control of the effectiveness of treatment of canine hepatodystrophy]. Biolohiia tvaryn, 14 (1–2), 411–419 http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/bitv_2012_14_1-2_67 (in Ukrainian).
18. Moskalenko, V. P. (1999). Strukturno-funktsionalni vlastyvosti erytrotsytiv u zdorovykh i khvorykh na anemiiu teliat ta yikh zminy pry likuvanni [Structural and functional properties of erythrocytes in healthy and anemic calves and their changes during treatment]: Avtoref. dys. … kand. vet. nauk. Bila Tserkva, 18 p. (in Ukrainian).
19. Nair, A. D., Cheng, C., Ganta, C. K., Sanderson, M. W., Alleman, A. R., Munderloh, U. G., & Ganta, R. R. (2016). Comparative Experimental Infection Study in Dogs with Ehrlichia canis, E. Chaffeensis, Anaplasma platys and A. Phagocytophilum. PloS one, 11(2), e0148239. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148239.
20. Neo, S., Takemura-Uchiyama, I., Uchiyama, J., Murakami, H., Shima, A., Kayanuma, H., Yokoyama, T., Takagi, S., Kanai, E., & Hisasue, M. (2022). Screening of bacterial DNA in bile sampled from healthy dogs and dogs suffering from liver- or gallbladder-associated disease. J Vet Med Sci. Jul 25; 84 (7): 1019–1022. doi: 10.1292/jvms.22-0090.
21. O'Kell, A. L., Gallagher, A. E., & Cooke, K. L. (2022). Gastroduodenal ulceration in dogs with liver disease. J Vet Intern Med. May; 36 (3): 986–992. doi: 10.1111/jvim.16413.
22. Pena-Ramos, J., Barker, L., Saiz, R., Walker, D. J, Tappin, S., Hare, CH. Z., Roberts, M. L., Williams, T. L., & Bexfield, N. (2021). Resting and postprandial serum bile acid concentrations in dogs with liver disease. J Vet Intern Med. May; 35 (3): 1333–1341. doi: 10.1111/jvim.16134.
23. Pereira Dos Santos, J. D., Cunha, E., Nunes, T., Tavares, L., & Oliveira, M. (2019). Relation between periodontal disease and systemic diseases in dogs. Res Vet Sci. Aug; 125: 136–140. doi: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.06.00.
24. Poldervaart, J.H., Favier, R.P., Penning, L.C., et al. (2009). Primary hepatitis in dogs: a retrospective review (2002–2006). J Vet Intern Med. 23(1), 72–80. doi: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2008.0215.x.
25. Rahman, S. A., Khor, K. H., Khairani-Bejo, S., Lau, S. F., Mazlan, M., Roslan, A., & Goh, S. H. (2021). Detection and characterization of Leptospira spp. in dogs diagnosed with kidney and/or liver disease in Selangor, Malaysia. J Vet Diagn Invest. Sep; 33 (5): 834–843. doi: 10.1177/10406387211024575.
26. Rozumniuk, A. V. (2002). Struktura i funktsionalni vlastyvosti erytrotsytiv ta ikh zminy pry likuvanni teliat, khvorykh na bronkhopnevmoniiu [Structure and functional properties of erythrocytes and their changes in the treatment of calves with bronchopneumonia]: Avtoref. dys. … kand. vet. nauk. Bila Tserkva. 18 p.
27. Saunders, A. B. (2021). Key considerations in the approach to congenital heart disease in dogs and cats. J Small Anim Pract. Aug; 62 (8): 613–623. doi: 10.1111/jsap.13360.
28. Skorupski, K. A., Hammond, G. M., Irish, A. M., Kent, M. S., Guerrero, T. A., Rodriguez, C. O., & Griffin, D. W. (2011). Prospective randomized clinical trial assessing the efficacy of Denamarin for prevention of CCNU-induced hepatopathy in tumor-bearing dogs. Journal of veterinary internal medicine, 25(4), 838– 845. doi: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.0743.x.
29. Soloviova, L. M. (2012). Diahnostyka ta likuvannia za babeziozu sobak [Diagnosis and treatment of babesiosis in dogs]. Veterynarna medytsyna. OOO «NTMT». no 96. Kharkiv. 405–410.
30. Soloviova, L. M., Holovakha, V. I., & Utechenko, M. V. (2001). Kliniko-biokhimichni ta histolohichni zminy pechinky u sobak pry toksychnii hepatodystrofii. [Clinical, biochemical and histological changes of the liver in dogs with toxic hepatodystrophy]. Visnyk Bilotserkivskoho derzhavnoho ahrarnoho universytetu. v. 18. Bila Tserkva. 141–147. (in Ukrainian)
31. Soloviova, L. M. (2002). Efektyvnist likuvannia toksychnoi hepatodystrofii u sobak. [Effectiveness of treatment of toxic hepatodystrophy in dogs]. Visnyk Bilotserkivskoho derzhavnoho ahrarnoho universytetu. v. 23. Bila Tserkva. 187–193. (in Ukrainian).
32. Soloviova, L. M., Yerokhina, O. M., Peresunko, O. D., & Chovhun, A. M. (2022). Dyferentsiina diahnostyka khvorob pechinky u sobak [Differential diagnosis of liver diseases in dogs]. Visnyk Sumskoho natsionalnoho ahrarnoho universytetu. Seriia: Veterynarna medytsyna. no 3 (58). 51–59. doi: https://doi.org/10.32845/bsnau.vet.2022.3.9. ISSN 2708-3799. ISSN 2708-3802. (in Ukrainian).
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Published
2023-11-21
How to Cite
SolovіovaL. M. (2023). ERYTHROCYTOPOESIS IN CANINE HEPATODYSTROPHY PATIENTS. Bulletin of Sumy National Agrarian University. The Series: Veterinary Medicine, (3(62), 92-100. https://doi.org/10.32782/bsnau.vet.2023.3.13
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