OROBANCHE CUMANA WALLR. IN CROPS OF HELIÁNTHUS ANNUUS
Abstract
The research is aimed at finding and developing effective technologies to protect sunflower from the aggressive flower parasite Orobanche cumana Wallr. From the northern Steppe of Ukraine, the broomrape is actively moving to the central, northern and western regions of the country. The aim of the research was to establish the racial composition of the sunflower broomrape population in the Forest Steppe and Polissya. The object of research in the vegetation experiment was broomrape seeds. Samples of the parasite seeds were collected on some of the most infected sunflower fields in the Forest- Steppe and Polissya. Sunflower hybrids P63LL06, P64LC108 (XF 6003), P64LL125 (XF 13406), P63LE113 (XF 9026), P64HH106 (XF 13707), PR 64F66, P64LE25 (SX 9004), P64LE99 (XF 9002) were used to identify broomrape races. Sunflower hybrids were evaluated for resistance to broomrape in soil culture using a modified method and the roll method of seed germination. The racial composition of broomrape on sunflower crops in the conditions of the Forest-Steppe and Polissya of Ukraine was studied. Differentiation of sunflower hybrids grown by resistance to the parasite was carried out. The sunflower hybrid P63LL06, tolerant to race E, was severely affected by broomrape. On average, there were 12 nodules of the parasite per sunflower plant. Sunflower hybrids P64LC108 (XF 6003), P64HH106 (XF 13707), PR 64F66, resistant to race G, were slightly affected by broomrape. On average, there were 2-3 nodules of the parasite per sunflower plant. The hybrids P64LL125 (XF 13406), P63LE113 (XF 9026), P64LE25 (SX 9004), resistant to race E + system 2, were infected with broomrape to an average extent. On average, there were 4-6 nodules of the parasite per sunflower plant. No sunflower hybrids with complete immunity to broomrape were found. It has been established that the broomrape population parasitizing sunflower fields has a high degree of virulence that overcomes the immunity of the best foreign-bred hybrids resistant to E, F and G races of this parasite. The emergence of new very aggressive races of broomrape (E, F, G and H) in the Forest-Steppe and Polissya indicates an important need to solve the problem of creating breeding material resistant to new races of this parasitic plant, studying the cellular and molecular mechanisms of sunflower resistance to the pathogen. Based on the research, the reasons for the widespread spread of broomrape in the fields in the central, northern and western regions of the country were summarized. Some details of the emergence of cellular and molecular mechanisms of sunflower resistance to broomrape are considered.
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