YIELD OF SORGHUM DEPENDS ON SOWING RATES IN THE NORTH-EASTERN FOREST STEPPE OF UKRAINE
Keywords:
sorghum, varieties, hybrid, sowing rate, growth and development, yield parameters, yield.
Abstract
Growing of crops in a certain agro-climatic zone is based on the effective use of exogenous factors and the optimal assortment of crops that can realize their productive potential under such conditions. Currently, the consequences of the stressogenic effect of increased temperature and drought are causing serious problems with the production of many traditional crops, in particular cereals. Sorghum as a stress-resistant crop is a promising analogue of traditional grain species. In order to study the influence of certain technology elements on the formation of sorghum yield in the conditions of the North-Eastern Forest Steppe of Ukraine in 2020–2023 (Sumy NAU), experiments were carried out to study the optimal sowing rates of different sorghum genotypes for growth, plant development and yield. Grain sorghum hybrid and variety (Yanki and Dniprovskyi 32), and a rice-grain sorghum variety of Samaran 6 were research material. It was established that increasing the sowing rate from 160,000 psc /ha to 490,000 psc /ha of seeds affects the length of the growing season and leads to its shortening from 5 to 11 days. The thickening of sowing affects the formation of the photosynthetic apparatus of plants: the area of leaves of one plant decreases (by 0.051 m2 – 0.086 m2), but the total leaf surface per unit area (m2) increases due to the increase in the number of plants. The increase in sowing rates to 490,000 seeds/ha has a negative effect on the formation of yield parameters, in particular: the coefficient of productive bushiness decreases, the weight of 1000 seeds, the number of seeds per plant and per unit area. The highest yield was provided by sowing rates of 165–330 thousand/ha of similar seeds, 4.26–4.29 t/ha (Yanki hybrid); – 3.51–3.56 t/ha (Dniprovskyi 39 variety), and 2.68 –2.02 t/ha (Samaran 6 variety). In terms of genotypes, the yield of the Yankee hybrid was the highest – 4.29, and the lowest – of the rice-grain sorghum variety Samaran 6 – 1.87 t/ha. To form a high yield of grain sorghum (Yanki, Dniprovskyi 39) and rice-grain (Samaran 6) in the north-eastern forest-steppe zone of Ukraine, the optimal sowing rates are 160–330 thousand/ha of seeds.
References
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10. Davydenko, S., Rozhkov, A., Karpuk, L., Popov, S., & Mykhailyn, V. (2022). Elements of plant productivity and biological yield capacity of grain sorghum hybrids depending on the inter-row width and seed sowing rate. Scientific Horizons, 25(6), 55–64. doi: 10.48077/scihor.25(6).2022.55-64
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14. Fromme, D. D., Fernandez, C. J., Grichar, W. J. & R. L. Jahn, , (2012 ) Grain sorghum response to hybrid, row spacing, and plant populations along the upper Texas Gulf Coast, International Journal of Agronomy, 5.
15. Lafarge, T. A. & Hammer, G. L. (2002) Predicting plant leaf area production: shoot assimilate accumulation and partitioning, and leaf area ratio, are stable for a wide range of sorghum population densities. Field Crops Research, 77 (2–3), 137–151.
16. Ivashchenko, O. O., & Rudnyk-Ivashchenko O.I. (2011). Perspektyvy vyroshchuvannya kukurudzy i sorho [Prospects for growing corn and sorghum]. Khimiya. Ahronomiya. Servis, 12, 38–41 (in Ukrainian).
17. Gondal, M. R., Hussain, A., Yasin, S., Musa, M., & Rehman, H. S. (2017). Effect of seed rate and row spacing on grain yield of sorghum. SAARS Journal of Agriculture, 15(2), 81–91. doi: 10.3329/sja. v15i2.35154.
18. Kalenska, S. M. & Hryniuk, I. P. (2013). Osoblyvosti rostu i rozvytku roslyn sorho zalezhno vid vydovykh, sortovykh osoblyvostei ta udobrennia kultury v umovakh Pravoberezhnoho Lisostepu Ukrainy. [Peculiarities of growth and development of sorghum plants depending on species, varietal characteristics and fertilization of the culture in the conditions of the Right Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine]. Naukovi pratsi Instytutu bioenerhetychnykh kultur i tsukrovykh buriakiv, 17(1), 359–362. (in Ukrainian).
19. Karazhbey, H. M, & Tehun, S. V. (2012). Produktyvnist sorho zvychaynoho dvokolorovoho (Sorghum bicolor L.) zalezhno vid rivnya mineralnoho zhyvlennya ta hustoty stoyannya [Productivity of Sorghum bicolor L. depending on the level of mineral nutrition and standing density]. Zbirnyk naukovykh prats Instytutu bioenerhetychnykh kultur i tsukrovykh buryaki, 14, 67–70 (in Ukrainian).
20. Klymovych, P. V., Sichkar, A. O., Kononenko, L. M. & Klymovych, N. M. (2011). Vplyv normy vysivu nasinnia na rist i rozvytok sorho zernovoho [The influence of seed sowing rate on the growth and development of grain sorghum]. Zbirnyk naukovykh prats Umanskoho natsionalnoho universytetu sadivnytstva, 75(1), 76–81 (in Ukrainian).
21. Klymovych, P. V. (2007). Efektyvnist doz i strokiv zastosuvannia dobryv pid sorho zernove na chornozemi opidzolenomu Pravoberezhnoho Lisostepu Ukrainy [Efficiency of doses and terms of application of fertilizers under sorghum grain on chernozem of Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine] (Extended Abstract of Cand. Agric. Sci. Diss.). NSC “Institute for Soil Science and Agrochemistry Research named after O. N. Sokolovsky”, Kharkiv, Ukraine (in Ukrainian).
22. Mekasha, A., Min, D., Bascom, N., & Vipham, J. (2021). Seeding rate effects on forage productivity and nutritive value of sorghum. Agronomy Journal, 9, 1–15. doi: 10.1002/agj2.20856.
23. Ovsiienko, I. A. (2015) Formuvannia zernovoi produktyvnosti sorho zalezhno vid ahrotekhnichnykh zakhodiv. [Formation of sorghum grain productivity depending on agrotechnical measures]. Kormy i kormovyrobnytstvo, 1, 146–151. (in Ukrainian).
24. Polevyi, A. M., Bozhko, L. Yu., Volvach, O.V., & Barsukova, O. A. (2020). Agroecological conditions of formation of sorghum productivity in the southern regions of Ukraine under conditions of climate change. Bulletin of the Poltava State Agrarian Academy, 4, 61–68 (in Ukrainian).
25. Pravdyva, L. & Fedoruk, Yu. (2021). Formuvannia pokaznykiv struktury vrozhainosti sorho zernovoho zalezhno vid sposobu sivby nasinnia ta hustoty stoiannia roslyn u Pravoberezhnomu Lisostepu Ukrainy. [The formation of indicators of grain sorghum yield structure depending on the method of sowing seeds and plant density in the Right Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine] Novitni tekhnolohii v APK: doslidzhennia ta upravlinnia, 28(42), 215–223 (in Ukrainian). doi: 10.3329/sja.v15i2.35154
26. Prysyazhnyuk, O. I., Storozhyk, L. I., & Zavhorodnya, S. V. (2019). Ekolohichna plastychnist sorho zernovoho. [Ecological plasticity of grain sorghum]. Novitni ahrotekhnolohiyi (in Ukrainian).
27. Snider, J. L., Raper, R. L., & Schwab, E. B. (2012). The effect of row spacing and seed rate on biomass production and plant stand characteristics of non-irrigated photoperiodsensitive sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench). Industrial Crops and Products, 37, 527–535.
28. Rouse, C., E. Burgos, N. R. Singh, V. & Earnest, L.(2020) Evaluation of sweet sorghum planting density and minimal nitrogen input, under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions, for bioethanol feedstock production, Biofuels, 11, 5, 577–58 6, doi: 10.1080/17597269.2017.1378992
29. Rozhkov, A.O. & Svyrydova, L. A. (2018) Vplyv norm vysivu, sposobiv sivby ta pohodnykh umov vehetatsii na vrozhainist zerna hibrydiv sorho zernovoho [The influence of sowing rates, sowing methods and growing weather conditions on the grain yield of grain sorghum hybrids] . Selektsiia i nasinnytstvo: mizhvidom. temat. zb., 112, 124–132. (in Ukrainian).
30. Storozhyk, L. I., & Muzyka, O. V. (2019). Osoblyvosti formuvannia produktyvnosti hibrydiv sorho tsukrovoho zalezhno vid vplyvu ahrotekhnichnykh faktoriv: shyryny mizhriad, hustoty posiviv ta obrobky rehuliatorom rostu [Peculiarities of molding the productivity of hybrids of sorghum fallow in the presence of agrotechnical factors: The width of the row, the density of planting and processing by the growth regulator.] Plant Varieties Studying and Protection, 15(2), 171–181. doi: 10.21498/2518-1017.15.2.2019.173567.
31. Svyrydova, L. A. (2017). Vplyv normy vysivu nasinnya ta sposobu sivby na minlyvist biolohichnoyi urozhaynosti zerna hibrydiv sorho zernovoho [Influence of seed sowing rate and sowing method on the variability of biological grain yield of grain sorghum hybrids]. ScienceRise, 9, 19–23 (in Ukrainian).
32. Svyrydova, L. A., & Rozhkov, A. O. (2017) Otsinka rozvytku posiviv sorho zernovoho za fenolohichnymy sposterezhenniamy [Evaluation of development of grain sorghum crops according to phenological observations] Visnyk Poltavskoi derzhavnoi ahrarnoi akademii, 4, 18–23 (in Ukrainian).
33. Chernova, A. V. & Kovalenko, O. A. (2017). Vplyv norm vysivu nasinnia na formuvannia hustoty stoiannia roslyn sortiv sorho tsukrovoho v umovakh pivdnia Ukrainy. [The influence of seed sowing rates on the formation of plant density of sugar sorghum varieties in the conditions of southern Ukraine] Visnyk ahrarnoi nauky Prychornomor’ia, 3 (95), 129–137 (in Ukrainian).
34. Widdicombe, W.D. & Thelen, K.D. (2002) Row Width and Plant Density Effects on Corn Grain Production in the Northern Corn Belt. Agronomy Journal, 94, 1020–1023. doi: 10.2134/agronj2002.1020
2. Berenguer, M. J. & Faci, J. M. (2001) Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) Yield compensation processes under different plant densities and variable water supply. European Journal of Agronomy, 15, 43–55. doi: 10.1016/S1161-0301(01)00095-8
3. Biswas, M., Rahman, A.H.M.M & Ahmed, F. (2014). Effect of variety and planting geometry on the growth and yield of hybrid maize. Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, 3(2), 27–32.
4. Boyko, M. O. (2016). Obgruntuvannya ahrotekhnichnykh pryyomiv vyroshchuvannya sorho zernovoho v umovakh Pivdnya Ukrayiny [Substantiation of agrotechnical methods of growing grain sorghum in the South of Ukraine]. Naukovyy visnyk Natsionalnoho universytetu bioresursiv i pryrodokorystuvannya Ukrayiny, 235, 33–39 (in Ukrainian).
5. Boiko, M. O. (2017). Formuvannia asymiliatsiinoho aparatu hibrydiv sorho zernovoho zalezhno vid strokiv sivby ta hustoty posivu [Formation of the assimilation apparatus of grain sorghum hybrids depending on sowing dates and crop density]. Tavrìjsʹkij naukovij vìsnik, 97, 18–22 (in Ukrainian).
6. Herasymenko, L. A., & Fedoruk, Yu. V. (2017). Vplyv hustoty stoiannia roslyn na fotosyntetychnu produktyvnist ahrofitotsenoziv sorho tsukrovoho. [The effect of plant stand density on the photosynthetic productivity of sugar sorghum agrophytocenoses]. Naukovi dopovidi Natsionalnoho universytetu bioresursiv i pryrodokorystuvannia Ukrainy, 3 (in Ukrainian).
7. Herasymenko L. A. (2011) plyv hustoty stoiannia roslyn na rist, rozvytok ta vrozhainist sorho tsukrovoho [The effect of plant stand density on the growth, development and yield of sugar sorghum] Ahrobiolohiia, 6, 48–50 (in Ukrainian).
8. Herasymenko, L. A. (2017). Perspektyvy vyroshchuvannia sorho v Ukraini. Aktualni pytannia suchasnykh tekhnolohii vyroshchuvannia silskohospodarskykh kultur v umovakh zmin klimatu: [Prospects for growing sorghum in Ukraine. Current issues of modern technologies for growing agricultural crops in conditions of climate change]. Zbirnyk nauk. prats vseukr. nauk.-prakt. konf. (15-16 chervnia 2017 r., m. Kam’ianets-Podilskyi). Ternopil. 69 (in Ukrainian).
9. Hryniuk, I. P. (2013). Fotosyntetychna produktyvnist sorhovykh kultur u Pravoberezhnomu Lisostepu Ukrainy. [Photosynthetic productivity of sorghum crops in the Right Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine] Naukovyi visnyk Natsionalnoho universytetu bioresursiv i pryrodokorystuvannia Ukrainy. Seriia: Ahronomiia, 183(2), 104–109. (in Ukrainian).
10. Davydenko, S., Rozhkov, A., Karpuk, L., Popov, S., & Mykhailyn, V. (2022). Elements of plant productivity and biological yield capacity of grain sorghum hybrids depending on the inter-row width and seed sowing rate. Scientific Horizons, 25(6), 55–64. doi: 10.48077/scihor.25(6).2022.55-64
11. Dremliuk, H. K., Hamadii, V. L. & Hamadii, I. V. Osnovni elementy tekhnolohii vyroshchuvannia sorho. [Basic elements of sorghum cultivation technology] Posibnyk ukrainskoho khliboroba, 3, 274–277 (in Ukrainian).
12. Gao, F. C., Yan, H.-D., Gao, Y., Huang,Y., Li, M., Song, G.-L., Ren, Y.M., Li, J.H., Jiang, Y.X., Tang,Y. J., Wang,Y.X., Liu,T., Fan,G., Wang, Z.G., Guo, R.F., Meng, F. H., Han, F. X. Jiao, S. J. & Li, G. J. (2022) Interpretation of genotype-environment-sowing date/plant density interaction in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] in early mature regions of China, Frontiers in Plant Science, 13, doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1008198, 13, (2022).
13. Fedorchuk, M. I., Kokovikhin, S. V., Kalenska, S. M., Rakhmetov, D. B., Fedorchuk, V. H., Filipova, I. N., & Panfilova, A. V. (2017). Naukovo-teoretychni zasady ta praktychni aspekty formuvannia ekoloho-bezpechnykh tekhnolohii vyroshchuvannia ta pererobky sorho v stepovii zoni Ukrainy [Scientific-theoretical foundations and practical aspects of formation of ecologically safe technologies of cultivation and processing of sorghum in the steppe zone of Ukraine]. Kherson, N.p. (in Ukrainian).
14. Fromme, D. D., Fernandez, C. J., Grichar, W. J. & R. L. Jahn, , (2012 ) Grain sorghum response to hybrid, row spacing, and plant populations along the upper Texas Gulf Coast, International Journal of Agronomy, 5.
15. Lafarge, T. A. & Hammer, G. L. (2002) Predicting plant leaf area production: shoot assimilate accumulation and partitioning, and leaf area ratio, are stable for a wide range of sorghum population densities. Field Crops Research, 77 (2–3), 137–151.
16. Ivashchenko, O. O., & Rudnyk-Ivashchenko O.I. (2011). Perspektyvy vyroshchuvannya kukurudzy i sorho [Prospects for growing corn and sorghum]. Khimiya. Ahronomiya. Servis, 12, 38–41 (in Ukrainian).
17. Gondal, M. R., Hussain, A., Yasin, S., Musa, M., & Rehman, H. S. (2017). Effect of seed rate and row spacing on grain yield of sorghum. SAARS Journal of Agriculture, 15(2), 81–91. doi: 10.3329/sja. v15i2.35154.
18. Kalenska, S. M. & Hryniuk, I. P. (2013). Osoblyvosti rostu i rozvytku roslyn sorho zalezhno vid vydovykh, sortovykh osoblyvostei ta udobrennia kultury v umovakh Pravoberezhnoho Lisostepu Ukrainy. [Peculiarities of growth and development of sorghum plants depending on species, varietal characteristics and fertilization of the culture in the conditions of the Right Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine]. Naukovi pratsi Instytutu bioenerhetychnykh kultur i tsukrovykh buriakiv, 17(1), 359–362. (in Ukrainian).
19. Karazhbey, H. M, & Tehun, S. V. (2012). Produktyvnist sorho zvychaynoho dvokolorovoho (Sorghum bicolor L.) zalezhno vid rivnya mineralnoho zhyvlennya ta hustoty stoyannya [Productivity of Sorghum bicolor L. depending on the level of mineral nutrition and standing density]. Zbirnyk naukovykh prats Instytutu bioenerhetychnykh kultur i tsukrovykh buryaki, 14, 67–70 (in Ukrainian).
20. Klymovych, P. V., Sichkar, A. O., Kononenko, L. M. & Klymovych, N. M. (2011). Vplyv normy vysivu nasinnia na rist i rozvytok sorho zernovoho [The influence of seed sowing rate on the growth and development of grain sorghum]. Zbirnyk naukovykh prats Umanskoho natsionalnoho universytetu sadivnytstva, 75(1), 76–81 (in Ukrainian).
21. Klymovych, P. V. (2007). Efektyvnist doz i strokiv zastosuvannia dobryv pid sorho zernove na chornozemi opidzolenomu Pravoberezhnoho Lisostepu Ukrainy [Efficiency of doses and terms of application of fertilizers under sorghum grain on chernozem of Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine] (Extended Abstract of Cand. Agric. Sci. Diss.). NSC “Institute for Soil Science and Agrochemistry Research named after O. N. Sokolovsky”, Kharkiv, Ukraine (in Ukrainian).
22. Mekasha, A., Min, D., Bascom, N., & Vipham, J. (2021). Seeding rate effects on forage productivity and nutritive value of sorghum. Agronomy Journal, 9, 1–15. doi: 10.1002/agj2.20856.
23. Ovsiienko, I. A. (2015) Formuvannia zernovoi produktyvnosti sorho zalezhno vid ahrotekhnichnykh zakhodiv. [Formation of sorghum grain productivity depending on agrotechnical measures]. Kormy i kormovyrobnytstvo, 1, 146–151. (in Ukrainian).
24. Polevyi, A. M., Bozhko, L. Yu., Volvach, O.V., & Barsukova, O. A. (2020). Agroecological conditions of formation of sorghum productivity in the southern regions of Ukraine under conditions of climate change. Bulletin of the Poltava State Agrarian Academy, 4, 61–68 (in Ukrainian).
25. Pravdyva, L. & Fedoruk, Yu. (2021). Formuvannia pokaznykiv struktury vrozhainosti sorho zernovoho zalezhno vid sposobu sivby nasinnia ta hustoty stoiannia roslyn u Pravoberezhnomu Lisostepu Ukrainy. [The formation of indicators of grain sorghum yield structure depending on the method of sowing seeds and plant density in the Right Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine] Novitni tekhnolohii v APK: doslidzhennia ta upravlinnia, 28(42), 215–223 (in Ukrainian). doi: 10.3329/sja.v15i2.35154
26. Prysyazhnyuk, O. I., Storozhyk, L. I., & Zavhorodnya, S. V. (2019). Ekolohichna plastychnist sorho zernovoho. [Ecological plasticity of grain sorghum]. Novitni ahrotekhnolohiyi (in Ukrainian).
27. Snider, J. L., Raper, R. L., & Schwab, E. B. (2012). The effect of row spacing and seed rate on biomass production and plant stand characteristics of non-irrigated photoperiodsensitive sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench). Industrial Crops and Products, 37, 527–535.
28. Rouse, C., E. Burgos, N. R. Singh, V. & Earnest, L.(2020) Evaluation of sweet sorghum planting density and minimal nitrogen input, under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions, for bioethanol feedstock production, Biofuels, 11, 5, 577–58 6, doi: 10.1080/17597269.2017.1378992
29. Rozhkov, A.O. & Svyrydova, L. A. (2018) Vplyv norm vysivu, sposobiv sivby ta pohodnykh umov vehetatsii na vrozhainist zerna hibrydiv sorho zernovoho [The influence of sowing rates, sowing methods and growing weather conditions on the grain yield of grain sorghum hybrids] . Selektsiia i nasinnytstvo: mizhvidom. temat. zb., 112, 124–132. (in Ukrainian).
30. Storozhyk, L. I., & Muzyka, O. V. (2019). Osoblyvosti formuvannia produktyvnosti hibrydiv sorho tsukrovoho zalezhno vid vplyvu ahrotekhnichnykh faktoriv: shyryny mizhriad, hustoty posiviv ta obrobky rehuliatorom rostu [Peculiarities of molding the productivity of hybrids of sorghum fallow in the presence of agrotechnical factors: The width of the row, the density of planting and processing by the growth regulator.] Plant Varieties Studying and Protection, 15(2), 171–181. doi: 10.21498/2518-1017.15.2.2019.173567.
31. Svyrydova, L. A. (2017). Vplyv normy vysivu nasinnya ta sposobu sivby na minlyvist biolohichnoyi urozhaynosti zerna hibrydiv sorho zernovoho [Influence of seed sowing rate and sowing method on the variability of biological grain yield of grain sorghum hybrids]. ScienceRise, 9, 19–23 (in Ukrainian).
32. Svyrydova, L. A., & Rozhkov, A. O. (2017) Otsinka rozvytku posiviv sorho zernovoho za fenolohichnymy sposterezhenniamy [Evaluation of development of grain sorghum crops according to phenological observations] Visnyk Poltavskoi derzhavnoi ahrarnoi akademii, 4, 18–23 (in Ukrainian).
33. Chernova, A. V. & Kovalenko, O. A. (2017). Vplyv norm vysivu nasinnia na formuvannia hustoty stoiannia roslyn sortiv sorho tsukrovoho v umovakh pivdnia Ukrainy. [The influence of seed sowing rates on the formation of plant density of sugar sorghum varieties in the conditions of southern Ukraine] Visnyk ahrarnoi nauky Prychornomor’ia, 3 (95), 129–137 (in Ukrainian).
34. Widdicombe, W.D. & Thelen, K.D. (2002) Row Width and Plant Density Effects on Corn Grain Production in the Northern Corn Belt. Agronomy Journal, 94, 1020–1023. doi: 10.2134/agronj2002.1020
Published
2024-06-16
How to Cite
KovalenkoM. О., & ZhatovaH. О. (2024). YIELD OF SORGHUM DEPENDS ON SOWING RATES IN THE NORTH-EASTERN FOREST STEPPE OF UKRAINE. Bulletin of Sumy National Agrarian University. The Series: Agronomy and Biology, 55(1), 86-93. https://doi.org/10.32782/agrobio.2024.1.12
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