SOME PECULIAR FEATURES AND THE IMPORTANCE OF RARE FRUIT AND SMALL FRUIT CROPS FOR MODERN HORTICULTURE OF UKRAINE
Abstract
Among a great variety of the fruit plants which are consumed daily by man, the ones which provide the early commodity output, rich in vitamins and nutrition substances, arouse a special interest. It is to these plants that all varieties of rare fruit crops belong. The establishment of the domestic market of rare plants is at its initial stage and it starts getting a system form. The aspects of the current state and the cultivation of rare fruit-berry plants were covered based on the well-analyzed sources of scientific literature. The peculiarities as well as the importance of the cultivation of niche fruit crops in Ukraine were considered. In the territory of Ukraine a group of promising fruit plants includes the following ones: chokeberry species (Aroniamelanocarpa), hawthorn (Crataegus azarolus), dogwood (Cornusmas L.), sea buckthorn (Hippophaerhamnoides L.), moss (Mespilu sgermanica), actinidia (Actinidia argutа), mulberry (Morusalba), persimmon (Diospyros L.) and others. The fruits of these plants differ greatly from those of well-known ones, such as apples, pears, apricots, plums and others; the difference consists not only in appearance and taste qualities, but also in the increased content of biologically active substances of various physiological effect. The crops, which are in demand in the markets of other countries and which are sold at higher prices, may frequently be among similar plants. Due to these factors, the cultivation of niche crops has higher profitability. Nowadays, both in horticulture and in other branches of agriculture, the improvement of the assortment (a set of cultivars) of fruit and berry, rare crops is based, first of all, on the creation and use of genetic banks of the sources and donors of the most important features for breeding. In recent years, some institutions have been actively involved in studying rare fruit crops, namely, the National botanical garden named after M.M. Hryshko, the National university of bioresources and nature use, orchard center “Brusviana”; also the Institute of horticulture of NAAS joined this group. Their activity is aimed mainly at enhancing the efforts to create highly productive rare fruit crops, to lay a parent plantation and to improve propagation practices at a higher level for further planting and cultivation at the farm enterprises at larger scales.
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