ВПЛИВ УМОВ НАВКОЛИШНЬОГО СЕРЕДОВИЩА НА НАСІННЄВУ ПРОДУКТИВНІСТЬ СОРТІВ ВІГНИ СПАРЖЕВОЇ (VIGNA UNGUICULATA (L.) WALP. SUBSP. SESQUIPEDALIS (L.) VERDC.)

I. M. Bоbоs; O. O. Kоmаr; A. P. Ivanytska

doi:10.32782/agrobio.2024.2.1

I. M. Bоbоs Nаtіоnаl Unіversіtу оf Lіfe аnd Envіrоnmentаl Scіences оf Ukrаіne https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5193-7192
O. O. Kоmаr Nаtіоnаl Unіversіtу оf Lіfe аnd Envіrоnmentаl Scіences оf Ukrаіne https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7511-4190
A. P. Ivanytska Ukrainian Institute for Plant Variety Examination https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3987-4728

DOI: https://doi.org/10.32782/agrobio.2024.2.1

Keywords: asparagus cowpea, technical maturity, biological maturity, productivity, yield, seeds, adaptability

Abstract

For the first time in the rainfed conditions of the Kyiv region, a study was conducted on the effect of plant density on the seed productivity of cowpea asparagus, which will improve the technology of growing the crop and expand the species diversity of leguminous vegetable plants. The main methods of studying this problem are field – to identify the interaction of the object of study with biotic and abiotic factors of the northern part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, statistical – to assess the reliability of the results. Plant density of vegetable cowpea varieties influenced the duration of interphase periods. Unequal growing conditions in cenosis of different densities are expressed by the duration of the growing season. With an increase in plant density, the duration of the period from mass germination to the onset of technical maturity decreased. This pattern was characteristic of all phases of growth and development of vegetable cowpea plants. The earliest ripening varieties were U-tia-Kontou and Kafedralna with thickened crops (143 thousand units/ha) with the shortest duration of the growing season of 135–141 days. On average, during the studied years, the sum of effective air temperatures (> 10 °C) during the growing season of cowpea varieties ranged from 938 to 1114 °C, and the amount of precipitation, respectively, from 125 to 136 mm. Within the studied variants, a direct strong correlation was found between the yield of cowpea varieties grown at different plant densities and the sum of effective temperatures (r = from 0.72 to 0.94) and precipitation (r = from 0.66 to 0.77). An increase in the sum of effective temperatures by 1 °C leads to an increase in seed yield by 0.8-0.9 kg/ha, and an increase in precipitation by 1 mm leads to an increase in seed yield by 3.0-9.0 kg/ha. The sowing scheme of 70 x 25 cm proved to be optimal for both cowpea varieties under the studied conditions. Due to the optimal growth conditions, cowpea grown at a density of 57 thousand units/ha has a high productivity of one plant (30–30.3 g/plant) and a weight of 1000 seeds (186–190 g). The results also indicate significant differences between cowpea varieties in terms of agronomic traits and seed quality. The best adaptive cowpea variety in the northern part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine was Kafedralna.

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INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ON SEED PRODUCTIVITY OF ASPARAGUS COWPEA VARIETIES (VIGNA UNGUICULATA (L.) WALP. SUBSP. SESQUIPEDALIS (L.) VERDC.)

Abstract

References