RADIOECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF GRAY FOREST SOIL IN NATURAL MEADOWS OF THE RIGHT-BANK FOREST-STEPPE 37 YEARS AFTER THE CHORNOBYL NPP ACCIDENT
Keywords:
natural meadows, soils, contamination, radionuclides, cesium-137, phytoremediation
Abstract
The technogenic load on natural forage lands increases annually due to human activity. Among pollutants, radionuclides are the most dangerous for living organisms. In an exchangeable form and migrating through natural ecosystems, radionuclides enter living organisms, causing various disruptions at cellular, organ, and organismal levels. Irradiation-related disturbances lead to a range of diseases, which result in immune system suppression. The primary pathway for radionuclides into living organisms is the food chain. Radionuclides in a soluble form from soils accumulate in plants, transferring to plant products, and eventually enter the human body through consumption. To reduce radiation exposure on the population, several measures are used to hinder radionuclide migration in the soil → plant → human system. The main ones include agrotechnical measures, in particular, soil cultivation, the use of sorbents, mineral fertilizers, specialization in the field of crop production, and others. However, these measures are less effective in natural meadows, so their vegetation must be constantly monitored. The problems of using agrotechnical measures to reduce the migration of radionuclides in the soil → vegetation system in the conditions of natural meadows are primarily due to high economic costs and the impossibility of their effective use. Natural meadows before the application of agrotechnical measures to reduce the migration of radionuclides into vegetation require additional costs for the preparation of areas for rehabilitation, moreover, the uneven terrain does not allow the effective use of agrotechnics. Monitoring for cesium-137 contamination of natural forage meadows in Vinnitsa showed that its concentration in gray forest soils does not exceed pre-Chоrnobyl accident levels, ranging from 0.105 Ki/km² to 0.247 Ki/km². Research indicates that, in the right-bank forest-steppe, cesium-137 content in gray forest soil of natural forage meadows follows this increasing order: normal drylands → absolute drylands → excessively moist drylands. The lowest cesium-137 content in gray forest soil was observed in normal drylands, while the highest was in excessively moist drylands. The greatest difference in cesium-137 content in gray forest soils from 2019 to 2024 was found in normal drylands, characterized by abundant grass-legume vegetation and active cattle grazing, while the smallest difference was observed in overly moist meadows, whose forage material is less suitable for livestock feeding. That is, the productivity of natural meadows and the intensity of use of their vegetation by animals has a significant impact on the radiological state of natural meadows. Radionuclides, being in an exchangeable form along the trophic chain, accumulate in vegetation, and as they are consumed by animals, they also accumulate in their bodies. In territories with vegetation that is not suitable for animal consumption, the removal of cesium-137 due to phytoremediation is not very effective, which is characteristic of over moistened meadows where sedge grows mainly.
References
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19. Jeong, S.-W., & Choi, Y. J. (2017). Research Perspective of an Extremophilic Bacterium. Deinococcus radiodurans on Bioremediation of Radioactive Wastes. Applied Chemistry for Engineering, 28 (2), 133–140. doi: 10.14478/ace.2017.1003
20. Khomutinin, Yu. V., Kosarchuk, O. V., Polishchuk, S. V., Lazaryev, M. M., Levchuk, S. E., & Pavlyuchenko, V. V. (2022). Otsinka mozhlyvosti povernennia do hospodarskoho obihu vyvedenykh, vnaslidok avarii na ChAES, pasovyshch i sinozhatok [Assessment of the possibility of returning withdrawn pastures and hayfields into agricultural circulation due to the Chornobyl accident]. Yaderna fizyka ta enerhetyka, 23 (1), 47–56. doi: 10.15407/jnpae2022.01.047 (in Ukrainian)
21. Kovalenko, V. P. (2012). Bioloho-tekhnolohichni peredumovy oderzhannia vysokoiakistnykh kormiv [Biologicaltechnological prerequisites for obtaining high-quality feeds]. Kormy i kormovyrobnytstvo, 74, 41–47. (in Ukrainian)
22. Landin, V. P. (2016). Radiatsiino-ekolohichni problemy vidnovlennia silskohospodarskoho vyrobnytstva v Ukrainskomu Polissi [Radiation-ecological issues of agricultural production recovery in Ukrainian Polissya]. Ahroekolohichnyi zhurnal, 1, 88–93 (in Ukrainian).
23. Landin, V. P., Chobotko, H. M., Tarariko, M. Yu., Raichuk, L. A., & Shvydenko, I.K. (2018). Ekolohichno-ekonomichni zasady reabilitatsii radioaktyvno zabrudnenykh zemel Polissia [Ecological-economic principles for rehabilitating radioactively contaminated lands in Polissya]. Ahrarna nauka, Kyiv (in Ukrainian).
24. Lopushniak, V. I., Avhustynovych, M. B., & Bortnik, T. P. (2016). Vplyv ekolohichno bezpechnykh tekhnolohii na balans pozhyvnykh rechovyn u siromu lisovomu hrunti zakhidnoho Lisostepu Ukrainy [Impact of environmentally safe technologies on nutrient balance in gray forest soil of the western forest-steppe of Ukraine]. Visnyk Lvivskoho NAU. Ahromoniia, 20, 149–155 (in Ukrainian).
25. Makarenko, P. S. (2008). Luchne i polove kormovyrobnytstvo [Meadow and field fodder production]. V.H., Vinnytsia, FOP Danyliuk (in Ukrainian).
26. Melnyk, V. V. (2020). Osoblyvosti rozpodilu 137Cs u komponentakh lisovoho bioheotsenoza svizhykh boriv Ukrainskoho Polissia [Features of 137Cs distribution in the components of the forest biogeocenosis of fresh pine forests in Ukrainian Polissya]. Visnyk Poltavskoi derzhavnoi ahrarnoi akademii, 2, 88–98 (in Ukrainian).
27. Moisiienko V.V. & Shevchuk О.Ia. (2006). Ekolohichnyi stan, shliakhy polipshennia i produktyvnist pryrodnykh kormovykh uhid v umovakh radioaktyvnoho zabrudnennia Polissia Ukrainy [Ecological condition, ways of improvement and productivity of natural forage lands in conditions of radioactive contamination of Polissya, Ukraine]. Tem. mizhvid. nauk. zb. “Kormy i kormovyrobnytstvo”, 58, 9–196 (in Ukrainian).
28. Moosavi, S. G., & Mohamd, J. S. (2013). Phytoremediation: a review. Advance in Agriculture and Biology, 1 (1), 5–11.
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Published
2025-03-21
How to Cite
Didur, I. M., Aleksieiev, O. O., Pantsyreva, H. V., & Pryimak, Y. S. (2025). RADIOECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF GRAY FOREST SOIL IN NATURAL MEADOWS OF THE RIGHT-BANK FOREST-STEPPE 37 YEARS AFTER THE CHORNOBYL NPP ACCIDENT. Bulletin of Sumy National Agrarian University. The Series: Agronomy and Biology, 58(4), 30-36. https://doi.org/10.32782/agrobio.2024.4.5
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