TRANSGENIC PLANTS: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS FOR USE
Keywords:
genetically modified organisms, biotechnology, gene, genetic engineering, herbicide resistance, pest resistance
Abstract
With the advent of modern genetic engineering methods, using gene transfer, it has become possible to construct source material with improved valuable economic traits and involve it in breeding to accelerate the work. In modern conditions, plant biotechnology has the potential to change agricultural practices and change food production and environmental impact. Genetic modifications of plants are carried out mainly using two methods of transferring foreign DNA into a plant cell: Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and biolistic transformation. For plants, the most commonly used method is the introduction of the soil bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens into plant genomes. Countries that are leaders in growing GM crops: USA, Argentina, Canada, Brazil, China. Five crops, such as soybeans, corn, cotton, rapeseed and potatoes, occupy the largest area of GM crops. The main directions of genetic modifications of agricultural crops are related to resistance to herbicides, diseases and pests. Improvement of valuable economic traits in agricultural crops is carried out with the aim of commercial implementation of GM plant varieties. Despite the rapid spread and benefits of GM crops, there has been active discussion and concern in the scientific community about their use since the certification of the first GM product. The article analyzes the domestic processes of regulating biosafety systems during operations with GMOs to prevent their uncontrolled use and distribution. Accordingly, biological safety consists in not negatively affecting people (including future generations), agricultural plants, other organisms, and genetic safety – in the absence of unnatural and uncontrolled effects on the human and plant genome. Proponents of transgenic technology promote it as an opportunity to make significant changes in food production and eliminate food shortages. In today’s conditions, scientists have not reached a single conclusion regarding the positive or negative impact of growing GM crops on the environment, public health, and consumption of food products and their content.
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Published
2025-03-21
How to Cite
Rybalchenko, A. M., & Kryvoruchko, L. M. (2025). TRANSGENIC PLANTS: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS FOR USE. Bulletin of Sumy National Agrarian University. The Series: Agronomy and Biology, 58(4), 85-93. https://doi.org/10.32782/agrobio.2024.4.13
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