ADAPTATION OF HAZELNUT VARIETIES IN THE CONDITIONS OF TRANSCARPATHIA
Abstract
The article highlights the results of research on the adaptation of 12 hazelnut varieties in the lowland subzone of Transcarpathia. The main purpose of the work was to study the biological characteristics of growth, development, fruiting and resistance to unfavorable environmental factors of the introduced hazelnut varieties. The study also examined the technological aspects of cultivation, including the effectiveness of disease and pest protection systems. The soil pests that cause significant damage to young plantations were assessed. To control them, it is recommended to apply the drug Force during the establishment of the garden and use Pirinex during the growing season. Schemes for the protection of hazelnut plantations with the use of such drugs as Champion, Topsin M, Fundazol, and Enjio, which demonstrate high efficiency in the fight against major diseases, including Fusarium, Verticillium, Alternaria, and powdery mildew, are presented. In addition, key pests were monitored: May beetle larvae, hazelnut weevil, hazelnut aphids and others. The results of biometric measurements indicate high adaptability of the varieties to local conditions. It was found that the diameter of the stems by the end of the growing season reached 28.0–31.7 mm, and in the variety Tonda di Gifoni – 35.9 mm, which is significantly higher than the control variety Darunok Yunatam. Significant total growth (180–391 cm) was observed in the varieties Lozovsky Bulavovidnyi, Francescana, Zhovtnevyi, Tonda di Gifoni, Mortarella, Dolynskyi, Nokyone and Svyatnichnyi. Particular attention is paid to the productivity of the varieties. In the third year after planting, fruiting was observed in all varieties except Zhovtnevyi and Karamanovskyi. The most large-fruited were Camponica, Francescana, Dolinsky and Tonda di Gifoni, the average weight of one nut of which was 3.2–4.4 g. The kernel yield reached 46.0-50% in varieties Darunok Yunatam, Tonda di Gifoni, Francescana and Mortarella. The obtained results indicate the high prospects of using the studied hazelnut varieties for industrial cultivation in Transcarpathia. Agrotechnical measures to increase the yield and resistance of plants, including effective systems of protection against diseases and pests, as well as recommendations for fertilization and care of the trunk strips, are proposed.
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