FORMATION OF TOMATO PRODUCTIVITY AFTER ABSORBENTS
Keywords:
hydrogel, granule, fruit weight, nitrates, protein, dry matter, yield
Abstract
The research was conducted in 2020–2021 in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The results of studying the effectiveness of absorbents in the form of gel and granules on the productivity of tomato plants when applied under the predecessor – basil. The scheme of the experiment included hybrids of Bobcat F1 and Usman F1 tomatoes, which were grown according to the generally accepted technology, and absorbents of TM «MaxiMarin» in the form of granules and gel. The use of absorbent materials increased the number of raceme per plant by 1 piece, or 20%, but unfilled raceme, which formed 2–3 fruits instead of 4–5 pieces; contributed to an increase in the number of flowers by 25.0–47.1% depending on the hybrid and absorbent; the number of fruits per plant increased by 21.4 and 18.8% in Bobcat and Usman hybrids due to the use of absorbent in the form of granules. The use of absorbents contributed to an increase in fruit weight by 2.3–4.5% relative to control. Bobcat hybrid reacted more significantly, the increase in fruit weight with the use of granules was 5.0%, gel – 2.2%. In the Usman hybrid, fruit weight increased by 4.5 and 2.6%, respectively. The yield of tomatoes using absorbent materials in the form of granules increased by 27.1 and 24.0%, respectively, in the hybrid Bobcat and Usman; in the form of a gel – by 16.9 and 15.4%. Tomato productivity is increased with the use of superabsorbent polymers. Analyzing the indicators of biochemical composition, it can be stated that absorbent materials significantly reduce the quality of products. Thus, the dry matter content in fruits decreased by 7.3–13.1% depending on the hybrid and the form of the absorbent; ascorbic acid content of 5.3–16.8%; protein by 6.4–12.8%. The results of research indicate an improvement in the production processes of the agricultural agrocenosis, which further contributes to increasing the yield of tomatoes. This element of technology can be recommended to farmers who grow vegetables in areas with unstable or insufficient rainfall, which will significantly increase yields and conditional yield per unit area, but insignificantly reduce the quality of tomato fruit.
References
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10. Egrinya Eneji, A., Islam, R., An, P., Amalu, U. C. (2013). Nitrate retention and physiological adjustment of maize to soil amendment with superabsorbent polymers. Journal of Cleaner Production, 52, 474–480. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.02.027/
11. Ekebafe, L. O., Ogbeifun, D. E. & Okieimen, F. E. (2011). Polymer Applications in Agriculture. Biokemistri 23(2):81–89. URL: http://www.bioline.org.br/pdf?bk11011
12. Fazeli Rostampour, M., Yarnia, M., Rahimzadeh Khoee, F., Seghatoleslami, M. J. & Moosavi, G. R. ( 2013). Physiological response of forage sorghum to polymer under water deficit conditions. Agronomy Journal. 105, 951–959. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2012.0071/
13. Gorobets, A. M., Moroz, L. V., Smirnyk, V. M. & Mostyonova, N. A. (2013). Vykorystannya superabsorbenta maksymaryn dlya pokrashchennya volohozabezpechennya buryakiv tsukrovykh [Use of superabsorbent maximarin to improve moisture supply of sugar beets]. Sugar beets. 3:20–22.
14. Grabiński, J. & Wyzińska, M. (2019). The effect of superabsorbent polymer application on yielding of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Agricultural Sciences (Crop Sciences, Animal Sciences), 2:55–61. doi: 10.22616/rrd.24.2018.051.
15. Hou, X., Li, R., He, W., Dai, X., Ma, K. & Liang, Y. (2017). Superabsorbent polymers influence soil physical properties and increase potato tuber yield in adry-farming region. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 18, 816–826. doi: 10.1007/s11368-017-1818-x
16. Kavana, G. B. & Thejashree, M. (2021). Hydrogel – super absorbent polymer in Horticulture-. Agriculture & Food. 3(11):390–393.
17. Laftah, W. A., Hashim, S. & Ibrahim, A. N. (2011). Polymer Hydrogels: A Review. Polym. Technol. Eng., 50, 1475–1486. doi: 10.1080/03602559.2011.593082
18. Loginova, I. V. & Martyniuk, O. S. (2011). Rezulʹtaty vyprobuvannya kompozytsiynoho azotu dobryva prolonhovenoyi diyi z vodo utrymuyuchym efektom u laboratornomu doslidi [Results of testing of composite nitrogen of long-acting fertilizer with water-retaining effect in laboratory experiment]. Collection of works of VNAU, Agriculture. 9 (49):25–34.
19. Lykhatskyy, V. U. & Cherednychenko, V. M. (2011). Nasinneva produktyvnistʹ roslyn kapusty tsvitnoyi za zastosuvannya vodoutrymuyuchykh hranul AKBOD v umovakh Lisostepu Ukrayiny. [Seed productivity of cauliflower plants with the use of water-retaining AKBOD granules in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine]. Bulletin of Sumy National Agrarian University, Agronomy and Biology Series 9(24), 70–79.
20. Mandal, U. K., Sharma, K. L., Venkanna, K., Korwar, G. R., Reddy, K. S., Pushpanjali, Reddy, N. N., Venkatesh, G., Masane, R. N. & Yadaiah, P. (2015). Evaluating hydrogel application on soil water availability and crop productivity in semiarid tropical red soil. Indian J. Dryland Agric. Res. Dev., 30, 1–10. doi: 10.5958/2231-6701.2015.00018.4
21. Montesano, F. F., Parente, A., Santamaria, P., Sannino, A. & Serio, F. (2015). Biodegradable superabsorben thydrogel increases water retention properties of growing media and plant growth. Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia, 4:451–458. doi: 10.1016/j.aaspro.2015.03.052
22. Nedvyha, M. V. (1994). Morfolohichni kryteriyi ta henezys suchasnykh gruntiv Ukrayiny [Morphological criteria and genesis of modern soils of Ukraine] Agricultural Education, Kyiv. 344 p.
23. Rabaa, Y., Rehab, H., Mohammed, K., Doaa, E. (2020). Effect of super absorbent polymer and bio fertilization on Maize productivity and soil fertility under drought stress conditions. Egyptian Journal of Soil Science. 4(60), 377–395. doi: 10.21608/ejss.2020.35386.1372.
24. Salavati, S., Valadabadi, S. A., Parvizi, K. H., Sayfzadeh, S. & Hadidi Masouleh, E. (2018). The effect of super-absorbent polymer and sowing depth on growth and yield indices of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in Hamedan Province, Iran. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 16:7063–7078. doi: 10.15666/ aeer/1605_70637078
25. Satriani, A., Catalano, M. & Scalcione, E. ( 2018). The role of superabsorbent hydrogel in bean crop cultivation under deficit irrigation conditions: Acase-studyin Southern Italy. Agricultural Water Management 195, 114–119. doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2017.10. 008
26. Shing, M., Ceccarelli, S. & Hambling, J. (1993). Estimation of heretability from varietal trials data. Theorical and Applied Genetics. 86, 437–441.
27. Sinha, S. (2018). Biodegradable superabsorbents: Methods of preparation and application – A review. Fundam. Biomater. Polym., 307–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102194-1.00014-1
28. State Standard Specifications ISO 6635: 2004 Frukty, ovochi ta produkty pereroblennya. Vyznachennya vmistu nitrativ ta nitrytiv spektrometrychnym metodom molekulyarnoyi absorbtsiyi [Fruits, vegetables and processed products. Determination of nitrate and nitrite content by molecular absorption spectrometric method].
29. State Standard Technical Conditions 4875.93. Frukty, ovochi ta produkty yikh pereroblennya. Vyznachennya vmistu masovoyi kontsentratsiyi tsukriv (suma) [Fruits, vegetables and products of their processing. Determination of the mass concentration of sugars (sum)], 1993. 3 p.
30. State Standard Technical Conditions 4958: 2008. Frukty, ovochi ta produkty yikh pereroblennya. Metod vyznachennya askorbinovoyi kysloty [Fruits, vegetables and products of their processing. Method for determination of ascorbic acid], 2008. 4 p.
31. State Standard Technical Conditions 6008: 2008. Tomat. Tekhnolohiya vyroshchuvannya. Zahalʹni vymohy [Tomato. Growing technology. General requirements. [Effective December 22, 2008]. Derzhspozhyvstandart. Kyiv. Ukrainy, 2010. 18 p.
32. State Standard Technical Conditions 7804: 2015. Produkty pereroblyannya fruktiv ta ovochiv. Metody vyznachannya sukhykh rechovyn abo volohy [Fruit and vegetable processing products. Methods for determining dry matter or moisture. [Effective from 2015-06-22]. Derzhspozhyvstandart Ukrainy, Kyiv. 2015. 19 p.
33. State standard Technical Conditions ISO 5983-2003. Kormy dlya tvaryn. Vyznachannya vmistu azotu i obchyslyuvannya vmistu syroho bilka. Metod Kʺyelʹdalya [Animal feed. Determination of nitrogen content and calculation of crude protein content. Kjeldahl method] (ISO 5983: 1997, IDT).
34. Tomášková, I., Svatoš, M., Macku, J., Vanická, H., Resnerová, K., Cepl, J., Holuša, J., Hosseini, S. M., Dohrenbusch, A. (2020). Effect of different soil treatments with hydrogel on the performance of drought-sensitive and tolerant tree species in a semi-arid region. Forests, 11, 211. doi: 10.3390/f11020211
35. Wilson, A., Crisp, S. (1975). Rigid Highly carboxylated ionic poliymers. Ionic Polimers. Chapman and Hall, New York, № 7. P 208–260.
36. Yang, F., Cen, R., Feng, W., Liu, J., Qu, Z. & Miao, Q. (2020). Effects of super-absorbent polymer on soil remediation and crop growth in arid and semi-arid areas. Sustain. J. Rec., 12, 7825. doi: 10.3390/su12187825
2. Bai, W., Zhang, H., Liu, B., Wu, Y., Song, J. (2010). Effects of super-absorbent polymers on the physical and chemical properties of soil following different wetting and drying cycles. Soil Use Manag., 26, 253–260. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-2743.2010.00271.x
3. Barihi, R., Panahpour, E., Hossein, M. & Beni, M. (2013). Super Absorbent Polymer (Hydrogel) and its Application in Agriculture. World of Sciences Journal. 01. 15, 223–228.
4. Bondarenko, H. L. & Yakovenko, K. I. (2001). Metodyka doslidnoyi spravy v ovochivnytstvi i bashtannytstvi [Methodology of experimental work in vegetable and melon]. Osnova, Kharkiv. 369 pр. (in Ukrainian).
5. Bykin, A.V., Lohinova, I.V. & Bilyera, N.M. (2010). Yefektyvnistʹ zastosuvannya polimeriv u zemlerobstvi (analitychnyy ohlyad). [Efficiency of polymers in agriculture (analytical review)] Naukovyy zbirnyk Natsionalʹnoho universytetu bioresursiv i pryrodokorystuvannya Ukrayiny. 149, 28–41 (in Ukrainian).
6. Cheruigot, G. & Sirmah, P. (2014) Effects of Hydrogels on foil Moisture and Growth of Gajahus Cajan insemi Arid Zone of kongelai. West Pokot County. Open Journal of Forestry. 4, 1, 34–37. doi: 10.4236/ojf.2014.41006.
7. Dehkordi, D. K. (2018). Effect of superabsorbent polymer on soil and plants on steep surfaces. Water Environ. J., 32, 158–163. doi: 10.1111/wej.12309
8. Dospekhov, B. A. (1985). Metody polevogo opyta (s osnovami statisticheskoy obrabotki rezul’tatov issledovaniy) [Methods of field experience (with the basics of statistical processing of research results)]. 5th ed., Ext. and rework. Moscow : Agropromizdat, 351.
9. Dwivedi, A. (2021). Super Absorbent polymers and their Composites for Application in Agriculture. International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology, 9, 665–672. doi: 10.22214/ijraset.2021.38048
10. Egrinya Eneji, A., Islam, R., An, P., Amalu, U. C. (2013). Nitrate retention and physiological adjustment of maize to soil amendment with superabsorbent polymers. Journal of Cleaner Production, 52, 474–480. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.02.027/
11. Ekebafe, L. O., Ogbeifun, D. E. & Okieimen, F. E. (2011). Polymer Applications in Agriculture. Biokemistri 23(2):81–89. URL: http://www.bioline.org.br/pdf?bk11011
12. Fazeli Rostampour, M., Yarnia, M., Rahimzadeh Khoee, F., Seghatoleslami, M. J. & Moosavi, G. R. ( 2013). Physiological response of forage sorghum to polymer under water deficit conditions. Agronomy Journal. 105, 951–959. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2012.0071/
13. Gorobets, A. M., Moroz, L. V., Smirnyk, V. M. & Mostyonova, N. A. (2013). Vykorystannya superabsorbenta maksymaryn dlya pokrashchennya volohozabezpechennya buryakiv tsukrovykh [Use of superabsorbent maximarin to improve moisture supply of sugar beets]. Sugar beets. 3:20–22.
14. Grabiński, J. & Wyzińska, M. (2019). The effect of superabsorbent polymer application on yielding of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Agricultural Sciences (Crop Sciences, Animal Sciences), 2:55–61. doi: 10.22616/rrd.24.2018.051.
15. Hou, X., Li, R., He, W., Dai, X., Ma, K. & Liang, Y. (2017). Superabsorbent polymers influence soil physical properties and increase potato tuber yield in adry-farming region. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 18, 816–826. doi: 10.1007/s11368-017-1818-x
16. Kavana, G. B. & Thejashree, M. (2021). Hydrogel – super absorbent polymer in Horticulture-. Agriculture & Food. 3(11):390–393.
17. Laftah, W. A., Hashim, S. & Ibrahim, A. N. (2011). Polymer Hydrogels: A Review. Polym. Technol. Eng., 50, 1475–1486. doi: 10.1080/03602559.2011.593082
18. Loginova, I. V. & Martyniuk, O. S. (2011). Rezulʹtaty vyprobuvannya kompozytsiynoho azotu dobryva prolonhovenoyi diyi z vodo utrymuyuchym efektom u laboratornomu doslidi [Results of testing of composite nitrogen of long-acting fertilizer with water-retaining effect in laboratory experiment]. Collection of works of VNAU, Agriculture. 9 (49):25–34.
19. Lykhatskyy, V. U. & Cherednychenko, V. M. (2011). Nasinneva produktyvnistʹ roslyn kapusty tsvitnoyi za zastosuvannya vodoutrymuyuchykh hranul AKBOD v umovakh Lisostepu Ukrayiny. [Seed productivity of cauliflower plants with the use of water-retaining AKBOD granules in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine]. Bulletin of Sumy National Agrarian University, Agronomy and Biology Series 9(24), 70–79.
20. Mandal, U. K., Sharma, K. L., Venkanna, K., Korwar, G. R., Reddy, K. S., Pushpanjali, Reddy, N. N., Venkatesh, G., Masane, R. N. & Yadaiah, P. (2015). Evaluating hydrogel application on soil water availability and crop productivity in semiarid tropical red soil. Indian J. Dryland Agric. Res. Dev., 30, 1–10. doi: 10.5958/2231-6701.2015.00018.4
21. Montesano, F. F., Parente, A., Santamaria, P., Sannino, A. & Serio, F. (2015). Biodegradable superabsorben thydrogel increases water retention properties of growing media and plant growth. Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia, 4:451–458. doi: 10.1016/j.aaspro.2015.03.052
22. Nedvyha, M. V. (1994). Morfolohichni kryteriyi ta henezys suchasnykh gruntiv Ukrayiny [Morphological criteria and genesis of modern soils of Ukraine] Agricultural Education, Kyiv. 344 p.
23. Rabaa, Y., Rehab, H., Mohammed, K., Doaa, E. (2020). Effect of super absorbent polymer and bio fertilization on Maize productivity and soil fertility under drought stress conditions. Egyptian Journal of Soil Science. 4(60), 377–395. doi: 10.21608/ejss.2020.35386.1372.
24. Salavati, S., Valadabadi, S. A., Parvizi, K. H., Sayfzadeh, S. & Hadidi Masouleh, E. (2018). The effect of super-absorbent polymer and sowing depth on growth and yield indices of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in Hamedan Province, Iran. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 16:7063–7078. doi: 10.15666/ aeer/1605_70637078
25. Satriani, A., Catalano, M. & Scalcione, E. ( 2018). The role of superabsorbent hydrogel in bean crop cultivation under deficit irrigation conditions: Acase-studyin Southern Italy. Agricultural Water Management 195, 114–119. doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2017.10. 008
26. Shing, M., Ceccarelli, S. & Hambling, J. (1993). Estimation of heretability from varietal trials data. Theorical and Applied Genetics. 86, 437–441.
27. Sinha, S. (2018). Biodegradable superabsorbents: Methods of preparation and application – A review. Fundam. Biomater. Polym., 307–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102194-1.00014-1
28. State Standard Specifications ISO 6635: 2004 Frukty, ovochi ta produkty pereroblennya. Vyznachennya vmistu nitrativ ta nitrytiv spektrometrychnym metodom molekulyarnoyi absorbtsiyi [Fruits, vegetables and processed products. Determination of nitrate and nitrite content by molecular absorption spectrometric method].
29. State Standard Technical Conditions 4875.93. Frukty, ovochi ta produkty yikh pereroblennya. Vyznachennya vmistu masovoyi kontsentratsiyi tsukriv (suma) [Fruits, vegetables and products of their processing. Determination of the mass concentration of sugars (sum)], 1993. 3 p.
30. State Standard Technical Conditions 4958: 2008. Frukty, ovochi ta produkty yikh pereroblennya. Metod vyznachennya askorbinovoyi kysloty [Fruits, vegetables and products of their processing. Method for determination of ascorbic acid], 2008. 4 p.
31. State Standard Technical Conditions 6008: 2008. Tomat. Tekhnolohiya vyroshchuvannya. Zahalʹni vymohy [Tomato. Growing technology. General requirements. [Effective December 22, 2008]. Derzhspozhyvstandart. Kyiv. Ukrainy, 2010. 18 p.
32. State Standard Technical Conditions 7804: 2015. Produkty pereroblyannya fruktiv ta ovochiv. Metody vyznachannya sukhykh rechovyn abo volohy [Fruit and vegetable processing products. Methods for determining dry matter or moisture. [Effective from 2015-06-22]. Derzhspozhyvstandart Ukrainy, Kyiv. 2015. 19 p.
33. State standard Technical Conditions ISO 5983-2003. Kormy dlya tvaryn. Vyznachannya vmistu azotu i obchyslyuvannya vmistu syroho bilka. Metod Kʺyelʹdalya [Animal feed. Determination of nitrogen content and calculation of crude protein content. Kjeldahl method] (ISO 5983: 1997, IDT).
34. Tomášková, I., Svatoš, M., Macku, J., Vanická, H., Resnerová, K., Cepl, J., Holuša, J., Hosseini, S. M., Dohrenbusch, A. (2020). Effect of different soil treatments with hydrogel on the performance of drought-sensitive and tolerant tree species in a semi-arid region. Forests, 11, 211. doi: 10.3390/f11020211
35. Wilson, A., Crisp, S. (1975). Rigid Highly carboxylated ionic poliymers. Ionic Polimers. Chapman and Hall, New York, № 7. P 208–260.
36. Yang, F., Cen, R., Feng, W., Liu, J., Qu, Z. & Miao, Q. (2020). Effects of super-absorbent polymer on soil remediation and crop growth in arid and semi-arid areas. Sustain. J. Rec., 12, 7825. doi: 10.3390/su12187825
Published
2022-07-21
How to Cite
Yatsenko, V. V., Vorobiova, N. V., Kravchenko, V. S., & Vyshnevska, L. V. (2022). FORMATION OF TOMATO PRODUCTIVITY AFTER ABSORBENTS. Bulletin of Sumy National Agrarian University. The Series: Agronomy and Biology, 47(1), 144-150. https://doi.org/10.32845/agrobio.2022.1.20
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