INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT TYPES AND DOSES OF FERTILIZERS ON GRAIN ROTATION PRODUCTIVITY
Abstract
Reserch results of influence of long–term (11 years) application of phosphorus fertilizers in combination with various doses of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest–steppe of Ukraine on crop productivity of field crop rotation are covered. The research was conducted in a stationary field experiment (No 87 registered by NAAS of Ukraine), which was located in the Right-Bank Forest–Steppe (Uman, Cherkasy region). Field crop rotation productivity was calculated as the sum of grain products and seed yields per yield of feed protein units (fp) from 1 ton of relevant products. It was believed that 1 ton of products contains, t fp: soybeans – 2.14, winter wheat – 1.15, maize – 1.06, spring barley – 1.01. According to the research, spring barley yield varied from 3.64 to 5.70 t/ha depending on the doses and combinations of fertilizers in the field crop rotation. Systematic application of complete mineral fertilizer in crop rotation increased grain yield by 1.95–2.06 t/ha depending on the dose. It should be noted that on average over the research years in Fon + P60 experiment option there was only a slight (0.11 t/ha) increase in yield compared to Fon + P30 option. That is, spring barley can effectively use the aftereffects of fertilizers applied under the precursor and does not require high doses of phosphorus fertilizers. Phosphorus fertilizers on a nitrogen–potassium background at a dose of 30 kg/ha of active ingredient increased the yield of winter wheat, maize, spring barley and soybeans by 9, 14, 9 and 7%, respectively, and crop rotation productivity in general – by 10%. A further increase in the dose of phosphorus fertilizers to P60 increased their yield by only 2–7%, and crop rotation productivity by only 6%. Phosphorus fertilizers on a nitrogen–potassium background (N110K80) at a dose of 30 kg/ha of active ingredient increase the yield of winter wheat, maize, spring barley and soybeans by 9, 14, 9 and 7%. And a further increase in their dose to 60 kg/ha of active ingredient, increased their yield by only 2–7%. The increase in crop productivity from phosphorus fertilizers applied in crop rotation at a dose of 30 kg/ha of active ingredient, againt nitrogen–potassium background (N110K80) was 0.76 t fp/ha, or 10%, while from the next dose (P30) – 0.47 t fp/ha, or 6%. Crops have different effects on the formation of crop rotation productivity in general – from 17.5% to 38.3% depending on the fertilizer. The use of phosphorus fertilizers on the nitrogen–potassium background increases the share of maize and reduces, respectively, spring barley and soybeans. To ensure the productivity of field crop rotation at the level of 8.1–8.5 tons of fp/ha, it is necessary to annually apply phosphorus fertilizers to crops at a dose of 30–60 kg/ha of active ingredient against the background of N110K80.
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