ADAPTABILITY OF EARLY-MIDDLE RIPENING HYBRIDS OF SUNFLOWER IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE NORTH-EASTERN FOREST STEPPE OF UKRAINE
Abstract
A significant share of the world’s cultivated area and gross sunflower production is concentrated in Ukraine. Against the background of the trend towards an increase the contrast between the weather conditions of individual years, there is a growing demand for unified genotypes with a higher level of adaptability to the complex of agro-ecological environmental conditions. There is a need to improve the methods of identifying genotypes and justify the approaches to the selection of the analyzing background and trait evaluation. The purpose of the study was to develop approaches to the identification of sunflower hybrids, to assess the level of their adaptability to the agro-ecological conditions of the North-Eastern Forest Steppe of Ukraine. The material of the research was 9 sunflower hybrids of different maturity groups, selected based on the results of environmental tests at the demonstative field of the Institute of Agriculture of North-East of Ukraine. Experimental studies were carried out according to the scheme of a 3-factor field experiment (variety, sowing density, fertilizer rate) on the experimental field of the Sumy National University (2019–2021). The dynamics of changes in the productivity parameter depending on the rate of mineral fertilizers were analyzed. The optimal parameters of the analyzing background (without fertilizers (background), N45P45K45 , N90P90K90) to adaptability to the agro-ecological conditions of the region were considered. It was established that the highest level of informativeness regarding the differentiation of mid-early sunflower genotypes according to the productivity index in the conditions of the North-Eastern Forest Steppe is provided by the background with the application of mineral fertilizers at the rate of N45P45K45. By using this analytical background, optimal conditions are created for evaluating sunflower hybrids according to plasticity and stability features. In the conditions of the North-Eastern Forest Steppe, application of this rate of mineral fertilizers makes it possible to effectively test sunflower hybrids according to the reaction to crop density and weather conditions. The results of variance analysis showed an approximately equal influence of factors of genotype (38.3%), sowing density (30.3%) and weather conditions (30.8%) on the change in yield indicators. It was established that the minimum level of stress resistance of hybrids was observed in variant wih fertilizers application in the rate of N45P45K45. Close values were noted in the variant without the fertilizers use. This rate of N45P45K45 ensures an increase in the level of productivity, but does not affect the change in the level of intraspecific competition in crop.
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